الالتفات في شعر عمار كشيش: مقارنة بلاغية تحليلية

Abstract

The research examines the rhetorical device of *iltifāt* (shifts in address) in the poetry of Ammar Kashish as a stylistic phenomenon carrying artistic and aesthetic significance. *Iltifāt* is considered one of the most prominent techniques that enrich literary texts, granting them diversity in discourse and depth in meaning. The study aims to uncover the manifestations of *iltifāt* and its rhetorical and artistic functions in Ammar Kashish’s poetry through a comparative analytical approach, drawing on both classical rhetorical heritage and modern poetic texts. The research includes an introductory chapter presenting a general overview, outlining the research problem, objectives, significance, methodology, scope, questions, and hypotheses, along with a review of previous studies and the theoretical framework underpinning the study. The first chapter addresses the concept of *iltifāt* in classical Arabic rhetoric in terms of its meaning, importance, types, and artistic manifestations. It also traces the development of this concept in modern studies, with examples drawn from the Prophetic Hadith and the Holy Qur’an, highlighting its role in enriching Arabic poetry and enhancing its expressive aesthetics. The second chapter focuses on the study of *iltifāt* in Ammar Kashish’s poetry. It introduces the poet and his literary career, then analyzes the manifestations of *iltifāt* in his poetic texts, identifying its types, rhetorical functions, and the artistic characteristics that distinguish this technique in his work.  The third chapter is devoted to an applied rhetorical analysis of the patterns of *iltifāt* in the poet’s work. It traces shifts in discourse from third person to second person, from third person to first person, from second person to first person, from first person to second person, and from first or second person to third person, with the aim of revealing the aesthetic role these shifts play in the structure and meaning of the text. The conclusion presents the most important findings reached by the researcher, along with suggestions and recommendations that contribute to enriching modern rhetorical studies and expanding research horizons in the artistic techniques of contemporary Arabic poetry.