Tasnim International Journal for Human, Social and Legal Sciences

Statistical Analysis of Conjunctions in the Supplications of Imam Sajjad (peace be upon him): A Semantic Study

رسل أحمد جواد كاظم الجنابي — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This research addresses the statistical and semantic analysis of conjunctions in the supplications of Imam Sajjad (peace be upon him) contained in Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya. The study focuses on the hypothesis that conjunctions in these supplications are not only used for their traditional grammatical functions, but also go beyond that to perform precise semantic functions that reflect the psychological and spiritual structure of the speaker and reveal the depth of the doctrinal and behavioral intentions in the supplication discourse. Through the results, I concluded that these conjunctions were not used solely for their traditional grammatical function, but were also given deeper dimensions related to the doctrinal, psychological, and spiritual intentions of the supplications. At the end of the research, it was found that "fa" represents the largest percentage in terms of repetition, with this letter being used 303 times, the letter "aw" being used 47 times, and the letter "am" being used 8 times. This reflects a distinct syntactic structure characterized by continuity and sequentiality in presenting meanings and supplication demands. The study demonstrated that these conjunctions are employed as effective semantic expression tools, not merely linking tools. Grammatically, it contributes to producing meaning and guiding the recipient. She also concluded that the conjunctional structure in supplications is an effective tool that reflects the depth of meaning and the richness of language, which underscores the importance of incorporating linguistic analysis in the study of religious texts.

Commitment and Creativity in the Poetry of Mahmoud Hassan Ismail (1910- 1977AD)

حفصة عمر إبراهيم, إسراء عبيد محمد — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the Egyptian poet Mahmoud Hassan Ismail (1910–1977), who blended deep moral commitment with artistic creativity, combining modernity and authenticity without contradiction. Born in a rural environment, he drew significant inspiration from his surroundings, which profoundly shaped his aesthetic and humanistic vision. The countryside and nature were constant sources of inspiration, while Islamic values formed a central axis in his poetic experience. His poetry called for truth and goodness, demonstrating that commitment does not restrict creativity but rather directs it toward a noble purpose. The study focuses on defining the concept of commitment in poetry, which, according to the poet, involves employing language to serve humanity and society without compromising the creative spirit of poetry. The research is divided into two main sections: the first examines commitment in poetry across three dimensions social, national, and religious; the second explores the forms of creativity in the poet’s work.

The Image of the Implied Author and the Formulation of Value Judgments in the Novels of Wasini Al-A'raj

رواء نعاس محمد, سوسن زغير جاسم الجابري — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study offers an expanded rhetorical reading of selected novels by Wasini Al-A'raj، aiming to explore the image of the implied author، also known as the second version of the real author. This image takes shape in the reader’s mind through the narrative and structural choices that underlie the novel. The implied author is an imaginative construct produced by the text itself through narrative techniques and modes of representing events. The study focuses on identifying how values are represented and produced، and on the role of the implied author in formulating and shaping them through specific narrative events. The narrative stance is considered an active factor in value formation، while narrative strategies serve as a space for influencing and engaging thereader within the framework of narrative events and structural systems that shape the overall composition.

الأبعاد الدلالية والتواصلية في الحوارات المبدوءة بالقول في كتاب فاجعة الطف للسيد محمّد القزويني

هديل حسن عباس — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The incident of At-Taf has a significant impact not only on a specific group of people, but also on every human being who is characterized by humanity, who has awareness of the existence and reality of God Almighty. The research will study and analyze the semantic dimension of the dialogues that took place between Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) and his companions and his family (peace be upon them).), and his dialogues (peace be upon him) with his enemies; As I know and you know, every dialogue has its own words that suit it and are consistent with it, in terms of the strength of expression and connection to the meaning performed by the speaker, whether this meaning is real or metaphorical, apparent or implicit, all of which has an impact on the recipient and listener alike. This is evident from the selected dialogues in the book The Kindest Tragedy by Mr. Muhammad al-Qazwini, which included words with a semantic dimension, as will be clarified throughout the research.

Exposure and pairing in the book Anwar al-Rabi’ fi al-Tab’i’ by Ibn Ma’sum al-Madani

زينب عبد هاشم, خولة جبار حمد محيسن — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This research explores the terms ta'rid (allusion) and muzawaja (juxtaposition) as presented in Anwar al-Rabiʿ fi Anwaʿ al-Badiʿ by Ibn Maʿsum al-Madani. It compares his treatment of these two rhetorical devices with how they appear in earlier and contemporary works on badiʿ (rhetoric). The study highlights the differences in Ibn Maʿsum’s approach to these concepts compared to both classical and modern scholars of badiʿ. We focused on identifying instances where Ibn Maʿsum’s terminology and definitions align with or diverge from those of other scholars. The research also reveals Ibn Maʿsum’s distinctive methodology in presenting these two rhetorical terms.

أسباب الإمالةُ عند القرّاء في كتاب البدور الزاهرة في القراءات العشر المتواترة، لأبي حفص سراج الدين عمر بن زين الدين الأنصاريّ النَّشّار (ت 937 ه) دراسة لغوية صوتية

محمد جبير حسن, عمر عبد عيد, عصام فؤاد محمد — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The research aims to explain the reasons for the tilt mentioned by the spread in his book Al -Badour Al –Zahra, The phenomenon of tilt is one of the most prominent vocal phenomena in the Qur’anic readings, because of the great impact in the linguistic lesson, this vocal phenomenon was concerned with the attention of linguists and readers of readings, so their books and their books are hardly devoid of studying this vocal linguistic phenomenon that was dedicated to pronunciation without writing, as it is one of the seven letters and from the Arabs and voices of the Arabic, as the tribes of Tamim, Qais, Asad and the people of Najd in general, except that it was famous that it is the dialect of Bani Tamim, and the conquest is corresponding to (the dazzling), and we mean the tone of the people of the Hijaz, and from here the issue of the subject of our research with (the reasons for the tilt among the readers in the book Al -Badour Al –Zahra in the ten frequent readings, by Abu Hafs al -Din bin Zayd al -Anshar (d. 937 AH) The search to an introduction and then presented the causes of the seven till and its resources in the book Al -Badour Al –Zahra, to a conclusion in which it briefed the most prominent results that I reached in my current studies, and God is success.

التحقق المعلوماتي في التراث الإسلامي: آليات نقد الرواية ومقارنتها بخوارزميات الكشف عن التزييف المعرفي

حسين محسن علي التميمي — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

شهدت المجتمعات المعاصرة تزايداً غير مسبوق في سرعة تداول المعلومات، مما أوجد تحديات معرفية تتعلق بتمييز الصحيح من المزيف. وفي الوقت ذاته يمتلك التراث الإسلامي منظومة دقيقة للتحقق من الأخبار والروايات عُرفت بعلم الرجال والدراية، قامت على فحص السند والمتن، وتحليل صدقية الراوي، ودراسة سياق النص وظروفه. هذا البحث يسعى إلى مقاربة مقارنة بين آليات التحقق المعلوماتي في التراث الإسلامي وبين الخوارزميات الحديثة المعتمدة في الذكاء الاصطناعي للكشف عن التزييف المعرفي (Fake News (Detection). إذ نحاول إبراز نقاط الالتقاء والاختلاف، وبيان كيف يمكن استثمار التجربة النقدية التراثية لبناء تعليم معرفي آمن ومستدام، يضمن تكوين وعي نقدي لدى المتعلمين في زمن التضخم الرقمي والتزييف التقني العميق (Deepfake). ويمثل هذا الربط رؤية منهجية لتجديد دور العلوم الإسلامية في مواجهة التحديات المعرفية المعاصرة.

الشعر ودوره في إعادة تشكيل الوعي الديني في أثناء الردة دراسة في موضوعات الثبات والارتداد في شعر صدر الإسلام

فتحي طه ضاري صالح — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The study aimed to uncover the factors shaping religious awareness in poetry, the argument between the two groups, and the Muslims' advice to remain steadfast in their faith, and the extent of this influence on their psyches. It also revealed the factors influencing the poetry of apostates on the psyches of their tribes and tribal alliances. This influence extended beyond aesthetic structure to other structures that contributed to shaping collective awareness and communicative influence among both groups To achieve this, the study relied on the inductive approach as an effective tool to explore the factors shaping religious awareness employed by Muslim poets to influence apostates and bring them back to Islam, as well as on the other group. It also relied on the descriptive-analytical approach to explore the external factors surrounding the text and the internal factors influencing the recipient. This resulted in several questions, the most important of which are: What are the factors influencing Muslim poetry in their poetic messages to others to remain steadfast in Islam? What are the factors influencing the poetry of apostates on their followers? The research reached several conclusions, the most important of which are that the poetry of this period was characterized by brevity and conciseness in the number of verses, a focus on the communicative message, and a direct presentation of ideas without allusion. This was accompanied by a clear religious awareness among Muslims and a vague one among apostates. The research also reached several recommendations, the most important of which is the need to study the poetry of the apostasy movement from a religious and political perspective in university theses, given its importance and abundance.

الطبيعة في شعر ابن زيدون

نغم كاظم علي — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Nature poetry is an authentic art that has been linked to Arabic poetry since its inception. Nature has always been a source of inspiration and inspiration for poets. As soon as they appear before it, its descriptions flow from between their lips, tender and sweet. The Andalusian poet lived in an environment overflowing with magic and beauty, so he excelled in his interaction with it, and this interaction may reach To the point of autism sometimes. I devoted this modest study to researching nature poetry, both static and dynamic, and the elements of each, and how the poet Ibn Zaydoun dealt with these two elements: - Stability and its guarantees of land, sky, mountains and plants. And moving like an animal, water, and clouds. An illustrating the significant impact of the Andalusian environment on the coloring of this type of poetry, I also took into account the extreme luxury that the Andalusians experienced in general, and the life situations that Ibn Zaydun experienced, such as his imprisonment and his love for childbirth in particular. I dealt with all of this with study and analysis in a brief, non-exhaustive manner. It suits the breadth of the research. I divided the research into two sections. The first section included static nature, while the second section included moving nature. In the introduction, I mentioned something from the life of Ibn Zaydoun and his relationship with nature by way of exposing the life circumstances that the poet lived and how they affected his poetry, hoping that this research will be admired the reader.

Cyber Attacks on Southern Lebanon in the Light of International Criminal Law

مريم نبيل عادي — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Cyberattacks pose a major challenge to national security، regional stability، and international peace، particularly with rapid technological advancements reshaping security and crime. This research focuses on cyberattacks in South Lebanon as a case study to explore the intersection of cybersecurity، international criminal law، and geopolitical dynamics. It highlights the growing use of cyber tools by state and non-state actors to achieve political and military goals، raising legal questions about classifying and punishing such attacks. The significance of this research lies in the urgent need to update international legal frameworks to keep pace with technological developments and enhance the protection of civilians and critical infrastructure. Additionally، studying this phenomenon within the context of South Lebanon highlights the legal gaps that hinder achieving international criminal justice in response to cybercrimes. The research aims to achieve several objectives، including: analyzing the concept of cyberattacks within the framework of international criminal law، assessing the compatibility of these attacks with principles of international law such as sovereignty، non-intervention، and the prohibition of the use of force، and determining the legal implications of these attacks at both national and international levels. Furthermore، the study seeks to propose practical recommendations to strengthen the international legal system in combating cybercrimes. The research methodology adopted an analytical approach، examining relevant legal texts، including international humanitarian law agreements and conventions related to cybercrimes. A comparative analysis was also conducted between national and international laws to explore how cyberattacks are classified and punished. The findings of the research indicate that cyberattacks targeting civilians or critical infrastructure may rise to the level of "international crimes" if they involve violations of international humanitarian law. The study also confirms the existence of legal gaps in the current international system that hinder effective accountability for such crimes. In conclusion، the research emphasizes the importance of enhancing international cooperation to establish a comprehensive legal framework addressing cyber threats and ensuring criminal justice. It also calls for strengthening national and regional capacities to combat cybercrimes، particularly in politically and security-sensitive areas such as South Lebanon.

Al-Suja'i and his Linguistic Works Compilation and Study

وسام عبد اللطيف أمين كطة المشهداني, ليث قُهيّر عبد الله الهيتيّ — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Objectives: The research aims to collect the works of one of the scholars of the twelfth century who became famous and widely known in the world. He is the scholar Sheikh Ahmed bin Ahmed bin Muhammad Al-Suja'i Al-Masry, whose knowledge varied with the diversity of his works. He wrote in the rational and transmitted religious sciences; he wrote in Jurisprudence, the sciences of the Qur’an, Hadith, Astronomy, Medicine, Mathematics, Language, Literature and Rhetoric, which indicate his high status and broad knowledge. Methodology: In writing this research, I adopted the analytical foundational approach based on collecting, authenticating and analyzing the works by stating their titles and the nature of their content. Results: The study collected what Sheikh Ahmed Al-Sajja'i wrote in language, literature and rhetoric, searching for them and indicating their locations and alerting to their printed and manuscript, existing and missing, so the research was like a scout that illuminates the path of the science of science in writing research and documenting what they used from the works of this great scholar.

دراسة مقارنة لبعض عناصر اللياقة البدنية الناتجة من تكيفات التدريبات للاعبي كرة القدم

علاء عزيز يوسف — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The importance of this comparative study stems from its aim to identify certain elements of physical fitness resulting from training adaptations among football players, and to uncover differences between players based on the nature of their training. The goal is to determine the most effective training programs for developing fundamental physical fitness components, thereby contributing to improved athletic performance and achieving higher levels. Specifically, the study sought to determine if there are significant differences in certain physical fitness components resulting from different training adaptations among football players, and to understand the relationship between certain physical attributes within the research sample. The researcher employed a descriptive approach using comparative methods, as this methodology is considered one of the best and most suitable for addressing the current research problem and achieving its objectives. The researcher selected the sample using a comprehensive census of players from the Al-Kufa and Al-Mishkhab football clubs in the Najaf Governorate, totaling (44) players. The sample size of (44) players represents (100%) of the original population. The most important conclusion was the absence of statistically significant differences between the two groups in the level of the physical fitness components under investigation (transitional speed, endurance, and general endurance). The most important recommendation is the necessity for coaches to focus on developing the level of these physical fitness components (transitional speed, endurance, and general endurance).

فاعلية انموذج BOPPPS في تحصيل طلاب الصف الخامس الادبي في مادة التاريخ

عدي طاهر محمود — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

research aims to identify the effectiveness of the BOPPPS model in improving the academic achievement of fifth-grade humanities students in history. The population consisted of fifth-grade humanities students in preparatory and secondary day schools in the center of Diyala Governorate, under the Diyala Directorate of Education, for the academic year (2024-2025). The results showed the success of the experimental group. The research reached the following conclusions: 1- The BOPPPS model contributes to building a dynamic and participatory learning environment by providing opportunities for active learning, interaction, and practical application. This environment encouraged the students in the research sample to actively participate with the experimental content and stimulated their sense of responsibility towards their learning, which was reflected positively in their academic achievement. 2- The BOPPPS model emphasized the importance of assessing students' prior knowledge and understanding through pre-assessment activities. The pre-assessment phase contributed to measuring students' knowledge, skills, and misconceptions related to the subject matter. Through this assessment, each student's strengths and weaknesses were identified, contributing to the design of personalized instruction that meets individual learning needs, provides appropriate differentiation among them, and ensures that students possess a solid foundation upon which to build new knowledge. This approach led to a significant improvement in the history achievement of fifth-grade humanities students in the study sample. 3- Teaching history using the BOPPPS model contributes to the application of diverse teaching and learning strategies during interactive learning phases, thus enabling the integration of different learning styles among secondary school students in the research sample. This model effectively promotes student participation and achieves desired learning outcomes in history, as performance levels among students are similar despite differing teaching methods. Based on the above, the researcher reached the following recommendations: 1- Developing history teachers' skills in applying the BOPPPS model stages during the teaching process is a vital step to enhance the effectiveness of education and tangibly achieve the goals of practical training. 2- Considering students' preferred learning styles to acquire practical knowledge through participation in teaching and learning activities, completing tasks, and communicating with peers in collaborative learning. The researcher also put forward several suggestions: 1- Studying the BOPPPS model in variables other than achievement, such as higher-order thinking skills. 2- Conducting a similar study in other educational stages.

The effect of the grammatical significance of the precedence and delay in the Ayat of Aljanna

معتز محمد جاسم, صالح نعيم كنوش, خميس فزاع عمير المحلاوي — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The Holy Quran uses many styles in the Quranic context that make the meaning more clear, and among these styles that the Quran used is the style of presentation and delay, as it occupies a prominent position among other Arabic styles, and the Holy Quran excelled in using this style in many of its verses, and for this reason we chose to study the style of presentation and delay in the Holy Quran by referring to the Quranic verses that talk about Paradise in the Quran in general, then we analyzed them by referring to their parsing in the books of parsing the Holy Quran, then writing a theoretical framework for the research by referring to ancient grammar books, and modern books, then we started writing the Quranic verses in the research. The aim of writing the research was to show the miracle of the Quran in using the style of presentation and delay in the verses of Paradise in order to highlight the meaning more clearly through the use of the Holy Quran of words that have the right to be delayed, but it presented them in the context of its talk about the verses of Paradise.

بواعث الاغتراب الذاتي والوجودي عند شعراء العصر الإسلامي

غفران مهدي بجاي — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This research examines the most important causes of existential alienation and self-isolation among poets of the Islamic era from a psychoanalytic perspective. The Islamic era is considered a historical period that witnessed extensive social and religious transformations that directly impacted the psychological experiences of poets who faced internal conflicts between pre-Islamic heritage and modern Islamic values. The research focused on analyzing selected texts by prominent poets such as Ka'b ibn Zuhair, Al-Khansa', Labid ibn Rabi'ah, Hassan ibn Thabit, and Suwaid ibn Kahil Al-Yashkuri. The research aims to uncover the manifestations and expressions of self-alienation, existential anxiety, and feelings of guilt and repentance that emerged in their poetry, examining the motivations and causes of this alienation and its artistic manifestations in their poetic texts. The study demonstrated that poetry was a means of expressing psychological and existential tensions. It also provided a space for attempts to reconcile the old and new selves, and for the search for meaning and reconciliation with existence. The research findings emphasized the importance of applying psychological and existential theories to Islamic literary criticism to understand the depth of poetic texts and grasp the complexity of the human experience expressed by poets during that period.

برامج الكاميرا الخفية وأثرها في ارعاب الناس ( دراسة فقهية قانونية )

محمد رحيم عطيه, رضا رحيم عطيه — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This research examines “Hidden Camera Programs” by defining television programs in general, presenting the concept, mechanism, and historical development of the camera, and then defining hidden camera shows, their nature, methods, and global and Arab spread. The study then analyses the impact of these programs from an Islamic jurisprudential perspective and from a legal perspective. From a Sharī‘ah standpoint, the study clarifies that such programs are built upon deception, lying, frightening people, and causing harm - acts that are prohibited in Islam, despite the fact that humour is permitted within limits. Furthermore, they waste time and money and sometimes mock religious symbols. Legally, the study discusses the regulation of surveillance cameras, distinguishing between lawful use for protection and unlawful secret usage that violates personal privacy - while also noting some Iraqi judicial applications related to the admissibility of audio and video recordings as evidence. The research concludes that although hidden camera shows seem entertaining, they contain significant ethical, religious, and legal violations that necessitate reconsideration and regulation to protect individuals’ dignity and rights.

سَلْخ الهوية الدينية في علم الكلام الجديد

صادق كاظم مكلف — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This research addresses the phenomenon of the erosion of religious identity in contemporary Islamic theology, this is a pivotal issue that has preoccupied Islamic thought in the modern era, the study analyzes its intellectual and philosophical causes, its doctrinal and social manifestations, and its effects on the individual and society. It also explores ways to address it within the framework of contemporary Islamic theology. The study demonstrates that this phenomenon has profound effects, weakening faith, undermining the authority of religious texts, threatening social cohesion and the continuity of Islamic identity as a unified system, and transforming religion from a fixed divine authority into a fragile individual experience lacking solid foundations when individuals become detached from their monotheistic dimension. This study examines the intellectual and philosophical roots of this phenomenon, particularly modern epistemological shifts such as scientism, which subjects everything to the standards of empirical science; existential secularism, which excludes religion from all aspects of life; and moral relativism, which denies the immutability of values. These trends have contributed to the dismantling of traditional religious authorities and the erosion of the role of revelation in shaping human consciousness. This research sheds light on the position of several contemporary thinkers, particularly those of the Ahlul-Bayt school (peace be upon them), who emphasized that religious identity is not merely social affiliation or formal rituals, but rather a comprehensive intellectual and spiritual entity that preserves the existential meaning of humanity and guides it to its true purpose. This is achieved through a balance between doctrinal principles and the demands of the age, without succumbing to excessive human interpretations or doctrinal distortions. The Imams (peace be upon them) established clear principles for preserving religious identity, such as teaching Islamic sciences, preserving sacred texts, guiding scholarly and independent reasoning within the framework of established principles, and encouraging constructive criticism that does not undermine fundamental tenets. As Imam Ali (peace be upon him) said: "Whoever adheres to the Book of Allah holds fast to guidance, and whoever opposes it goes astray." Imam al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) also said: "Religion means knowing the truth and acting upon it, so do not deviate from it with corrupt opinions." The research also indicates that the new Islamic theology offers rational tools for renewal aimed at reconstructing religious identity by developing methodologies of thought and integrating modern human knowledge, while preserving doctrinal constants and the objectives of Islamic law. This ensures that religion remains a comprehensive way of life for the nation, capable of confronting the challenges of the age without compromising its divine essence or fundamental identity.

الاستشراق وأثره في نهضة النثر

عبدالله سلام منصور الصافي — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful, and peace and blessings be upon the noblest of all creation, Abu al-Qasim Muhammad, and upon his pure and righteous family. Orientalism played a pivotal role in bringing Arabic literature out of isolation and into a sphere of openness and development. It was instrumental in all aspects of the literary renaissance, being one of the most important factors in the modern literary renaissance as a result of the interaction between Arab and Western cultures through Orientalists. This study necessitates dividing the research into an introduction, a definition of Orientalism in language and terminology, its connection to the literary renaissance and the most important factors that led to this renaissance and its starting point, the renaissance of prose and the impact of Orientalism on it, and a conclusion

اللغة العربية أداة للتنمية المهنية وتعزيز التنافسية في سوق العمل وتطوير الكفاءات المهنية في سوق العمل المعاصر

شيماء طالب غني, سامي ابراهيم جعفر الربيعي — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The Arabic language has long been a cornerstone of cultural and civilizational identity in the Arab world. However, in the contemporary era, it is no longer limited to being a medium of literature and intellectual exchange. Instead, it has become a key asset in the modern labor market, which is increasingly shaped by globalization and digital transformation. This research aims to highlight the significance of the Arabic language in enhancing employability and professional competencies, while also analyzing the challenges it faces across educational, economic, and technological sectors. The study begins with a theoretical framework that outlines the historical role of Arabic in knowledge preservation and transmission, moving toward its current role in government institutions and private enterprises. It emphasizes the importance of Arabic proficiency as a professional skill essential for effective communication, report writing, legal drafting, and official correspondence, in addition to its central role in education, law, media, and management. Given the rise of digital transformation, the research also explores the relationship between Arabic and the digital economy, particularly in areas such as e-commerce, digital content creation, and natural language processing through artificial intelligence. Moreover, it examines the main challenges facing Arabic in today’s labor market, including the dominance of foreign languages, weak linguistic skills among some youth, and the urgent need to modernize Arabic curricula in alignment with labor market demands. Methodologically, the research adopts a descriptive-analytical approach supported by empirical data collected through surveys and interviews targeting key stakeholders: young jobseekers, educators, and employers. The findings are expected to contribute to actionable recommendations for strengthening Arabic’s presence in the labor market through government policies, private-sector training initiatives, and the integration of language with modern technologies. Ultimately, enhancing the status of Arabic in the labor market should not be seen merely as a linguistic or cultural issue, but as a strategic investment in human capital that ensures the development of a generation capable of innovation and global competitiveness while preserving its cultural identity.

مخارج الأصوات العربية بين القدماء والمحدثين

ياسمين هادي رشيد — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Languages do not progress in their existence by mere coincidence, nor do they wander randomly on the tongues of people without order. Rather, they are governed by laws that almost rise to the level of natural laws. Sounds constitute a crucial part in the formation of these languages, including the Arabic language. And since language is composed of various systems, it begins with the phonological system (with its consonants, vowels, phonemes, and syllables) and the phenomena that prevail within it. This research aims to study the articulation points of consonant and vowel sounds in the Arabic language from a precise phonetic perspective, in order to uncover the articulatory mechanisms that contribute to the production and differentiation of speech sounds. Arabic sounds are divided into two main categories: • Consonant sounds: These are sounds produced with a narrowing or complete closure in the airflow, emerging from various regions of the vocal tract—from the larynx to the lips. These articulatory points are classified into five major areas: the pharynx, tongue, lips, nasal cavity, and teeth. • Vowel sounds: These include short vowels (harakāt) and long vowels (madd), and are characterized by the smooth and uninterrupted flow of air. They generally originate from the larynx and are shaped in the oral cavity. The research adopts a descriptive-analytical methodology, tracing the articulation points with precision and highlighting their role in distinguishing sounds and supporting the phonological structure of words. It also examines the phonetic and functional differences between vowels and consonants and their influence on phonological form.

الرمز في القرآن الكريم سورة البقرة مثالا

دعاء شاكر كاظم, فرقد حسين هاشم — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The symbol is one of the important topics in the rhetorical and literary arenas, which is used by the addressee in rhetorical processes to allude to matters whose concealment is considered part of their beauty and creativity. The symbol indicates a statement close to the meaning in a hidden way, Knowing it requires knowing the surrounding borders of stylistic elements or tools, and also knowing what meanings are close to it and what are far from it, which leads to helping to clarify its effect on the rhetorical axis and its effect on the communicative rhetorical process. Symbols are among the oldest things invented by man. A symbol is usually used as a means of indicating or expressing something, for example: the alphabet, gestures, and sounds made by humans. The symbol in Surat Al-Baqarah is one of the clear topics because it contains many hidden meanings, which are indicated by the surrounding contexts. Surat Al-Baqarah includes many symbolic contents, some of which are narrative, such as (the story of God, the Prophet Adam (peace be upon him), the story of the Prophet Abraham, and the story of the cow), and legislative symbols, such as (fasting, prayer, and zakat), as well as cosmic symbols, such as (the creation of the earth and the sky, the alternation of night and day, the winds, etc...).

Colonial Engineering of Straight Borders: A Study in Geopolitical Thought of Southwest Egypt

باسم محمود علي — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Political borders are among the most significant outcomes of geopolitical thought Not all boundaries were established according to natural features such as valleys, mountains, and rivers; rather, many were the result of colonial decisions that relied on linear engineering through the use of latitude and longitude Southwest Egypt stands as a remarkable example of this pattern, where the borders of Egypt, Libya, and Sudan converge at a point forming an almost perfect right angle close to 90 degrees The significance of this study lies in its focus on the intellectual and geographical dimensions of straight-line borders, which emerged independently from natural factors, serving instead as evidence of colonial powers reshaping the political map of the desert The study further illustrates how mathematical measurements were transformed into fixed political landmarks, making straight lines and right angles symbols with profound geopolitical implications. The aim of the study is to analyse the intellectual and geographical foundations behind the drawing of these borders by revisiting colonial legacies and decisions made by imperial powers in the region It situates these within geopolitical thought that interprets straight-line borders as tools for controlling spheres of influence and redistributing power The research adopts an analytical and critical approach, integrating historical, geographical, and intellectual perspectives to understand this unique border phenomenon. The study concludes that the straight borders of southwest Egypt are not merely lines drawn on maps, but rather the product of a complex interplay between geographical thought and colonial politics They represent a model for understanding how borders are constructed in desert regions Consequently, this case contributes to enriching academic debates on the relationship between geopolitical thought and artificial borders that continue to shape contemporary geography.

القسم في القرآن الكريم دراسة بلاغية/ شذرات من سورة الفجر المباركة

ستار حسين محي — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

If we contemplate the Holy Qur’an, we observe a phenomenon that has been repeated many times in the wise book, which is the phenomenon of the Qur’anic oath. The Holy Qur’an was revealed in the language of the Arabs, and in a way that suits their culture and their daily language, and this is the Holy Qur’an, from which the Holy Qur’an stood the hesitant and disbelieving position of the doubter due to the clear verses it contained. Among them were the doubters, and among them were the deniers. The oath came as a phenomenon that took on different dimensions in the Holy Qur’an. Once upon a time, these sections were mentioned to respond to every doubter. He was suspicious, and once she came to prove and establish the argument. The news confirms, in order to plant reassurance in the soul of the recipient, and remove all doubt and doubt from him, especially since the Qur’an came in an eloquent Arabic tongue that caresses their thoughts and they taste the sweetness of its words and the sublime expression. The oath was mentioned to confirm the great things that he swore to. The oath is not a method alien to the Arabs, as it was a method popular among the Arabs, but in the Holy Qur’an. He took a great dimension through the sublimity of the goals and meanings that he wanted to confirm and remove suspicions about, such as. Denying the Creator, Glory be to Him, denying the belief system, and not believing in God and the Last Day in particular. The oath is mentioned in the Qur’an in the sense of an oath, and the aim of this oath is to confirm what God Almighty has told us about. The oath came in order to verify the news (the oath was sworn upon), to remove doubt and hesitation in the ruling, and to remove suspicions. Denying the Creator, Glory be to Him, denying the belief system, and not believing in God and the Last Day in particular. The oath is mentioned in the Qur’an in the sense of an oath, and the aim of this oath is to confirm what God Almighty has told us about. The oath came in order to verify the news (the oath was sworn upon), to remove doubt and hesitation in the ruling, and to remove suspicions. Al-Hakim, N, the pen, and what they write), and (Q, and the Glorious Qur’an), and we have also shown in this research the oath in some tenses, as is the case in the second section in Surat Al-Fajr, where we notice an intensification of the oath in these tenses, the dawn, the ten nights, the Shaf’, and the Witr, which confirms the importance and greatness of these nights in Islam, and the reward of acting upon them to obtain the great reward, and obedience to the divine command. Also among the oaths are swearing in some places, and swearing an oath. With terrestrial creatures, and in this research we monitored some of them, along with an explanation of the rhetorical jokes

الهيكل القالبي للاسم المعرف بـ (أل) في سورة التغابن دراسة نحويّة تحويليّة

سهاد ياس عباس الشمري — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This research examines the definite noun (al) in Surat At-Taghabun by combining traditional analysis with a modern linguistic perspective on transformational grammar. The study focused on identifying and classifying the relativistic structures of definite nouns (al), then interpreting them within the framework of deep and surface structures. The results demonstrated that (al) is not merely a formal definite article; rather, it is a grammatical and semantic determinant that contributes to controlling reference and directing meaning within the Qur'anic text.

التفسير الروائي عند الإمام الباقر(عليه السلام) دراسة في منهجيته وأثره في تدوين الحديث

حيدر برزان فليح — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This research explores the methodological approach of Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (peace be upon him) in the field of hadith studies, highlighting his pivotal role in establishing a scholarly and narrational school that became a vital extension of the authentic Islamic heritage. The study demonstrates how the Imam employed a precise and critical method in the transmission of hadith, characterized by verification, authentication, and accuracy, thereby strengthening the scientific foundations of the Prophetic traditions. It also examines his influence in cultivating a generation of trustworthy narrators who became key figures in preserving the Sunnah and the teachings of Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them). The research focuses on the methodological and thematic aspects adopted by the Imam, supported by narrational evidence that reflects the depth of his scholarly project and its lasting impact on the preservation and documentation of hadith for future generations.

رأي البغداديين المخالف لرأي الخليل بن أحمد الفراهيدي في المنصوبات

ندى منعم حنشل الجميلي — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This research deals with the opinion of grammarians who disagreed with Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad Al-Farahidi in diminutives. The reason for choosing the topic was the scientific status of Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad Al-Farahidi and his great role in serving the Arabic language, as the disagreement with his opinion aroused research and discussion. The research relied on the descriptive analytical method, by tracking the opinions of grammarians in grammatical texts and comparing them with what Al-Khalil went to, and analyzing those texts based on the inductive method. This research concluded that Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad Al-Farahidi distinguished between the diminutive and the attributed noun, considering diminutives as indicating smallness, and attribution as indicating abundance. This made some grammarians disagree with him, considering diminutives and attribution as one thing. The research also concluded that Al-Khalil sees that the diminutive noun raises an implicit hidden subject, whose apparent meaning is an answer to the transformation of the genitive case mark on an interrogative specification.

إسقاط العُمَد في العلل النحوية بين النفي والإثبات)

مرفد محمد بكر — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Grammar held a prominent position among the Arabic sciences, serving as a means of safeguarding the language from error in the Quran, the Sunnah of the Prophet, and the speech of the Arabs. However, a thorough understanding of grammatical rules is incomplete without comprehending the underlying principles upon which those rules are based. These principles represent the deeper dimensions of grammar and reveal the reasons that led the Arabs to construct their linguistic structures in a particular way. Understanding the causes gives the student a critical faculty that makes him more aware of linguistic developments and grammatical differences, which frees him from rigidity and deepens his understanding of the language. The pillars in grammar are the elements without which the structure cannot exist, such as the subject with the verb, and the topic with the predicate.

جماليات الصورة الشعرية عند ابن الشبل البغدادي

ضفاف عدنان إسماعيل, زينب حمزه جبر — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

aesthetic image is one of the most important rhetorical images with aesthetically suggestive connotations. It does not rely solely on similes, but rather incorporates subtle symbolic aesthetics, capturing the finest details and depicting them in a way that astounds the mind and touches the conscience. This is because memory, especially Arab memory, excels in capturing the sources of beauty by linking the mind and imagination to realistic images, producing poetic aesthetic images that mimic the recipient's feelings, arouse astonishment, and raise questions. Ibn al-Shibl al-Baghdadi's poetry represents a vivid turning point in this direction. He lived during a period of scientific and cultural cross-pollination, creating new poetic images based on his exposure to contemporary and preceding literatures. He combined all these images with familiar nature, creating a world characterized by the sincerity of poetic experience. His images are harmonious, without affectation or affectation, far removed from complexity and distortion. The power of poetic images is manifested in the genius of the imagery, which casts its shadow over the poetic text.

ملامح المنهج التاريخي في التُّراث اللغوي العربي

وفاء مسعود عزيز — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The historical method in the Arabic language is an approach that is concerned with tracing the linguistic phenomenon and studying it through time; the study of language under this method is characterized by tracing the linguistic phenomenon through different eras and multiple places to stand on what has happened to its development , and to know the secrets of this development and its various laws , and this method is characterized by the relationship of the latter with the normative approach shows that Arabic is capable of development and transforms the standards of any time period of its life into new standards. There were no significant historical studies , but there were some features of those studies , including what was mentioned in the book (decorations in Islamic words) by Al-Razi (d.322 ah), which was about tracing the new words that appeared in Arabic after Islam , with mention of the meanings of those words in ignorance , and(dictionary of the basis of rhetoric) by zamakhshari (d. 322 ah), which 538 ah), which he did not classify with the intention of being a historical lexicon, but when we look at it today we find examples of verbal metaphor when it turns into reality, with repeated use, after the covenant in the original true sense, and other features that mean to us when we dig into the texts and books of the ancients.

Grammarians' Opinions on a Single Issue in Al-Mughni Al-Labib (The Accusative Case as a Model)

زهراء أكرم عبد الأمير — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Grammar is considered one of the most important Arabic sciences that contributed to preserving the Arabic language from linguistic errors or mistakes. Many schools of thought emerged in grammar, known as grammatical schools, such as the Basran, Kufic, Baghdadi, Andalusian schools, among others. The study presented the differences among grammarians on certain grammatical issues related to the accusative case, such as objects, adverbials, specification, and the predicate of (kana), The Basrans adhered to analogy, while the Kufis were more flexible in some aspects, and Ibn Hisham combined these views. The book Al-Mughni Al-Labib is considered one of the most important grammatical works and became a key reference for researchers. Ibn Hisham devoted great attention to the accusative case, mentioned the grammarians' opinions on it, and addressed the differences between the Basran and the Kufic schools on these issues.

الصورة الشعرية في شعر ابن بسّام البغدادي

كرار عبدالاله عبدالكاظم جواد الابراهيمي — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

تعد الصورة الشعرية تمثلات للحواس يثري الشاعر من خلالها المتلقي بمدركات ذهنية تحيط بالواقع من جهة، ومن جهة اخرى تظهر القدرة الابداعية التي جعلت من شاعر ما شاعر متميز، فالشاعر ابن بسّام يستدعي الحواس لاستيعاب الوجود الذي يخلق التفاعل بينه وبين المتلقي وإنّ الصورة لها القدرة على منح الحياة، وبالتالي يكون هدفها تحقيق القدرة الجمالية والفنية في نصّه الابداعي، حيث تنقل القصيدة من حالة الجمود الى الحيوية بوصفها تقنية من الصور اللّونية والسمعية والحركية والذهنية، والتي بموجبها يرهن الشاعر نصّه الشعري وفقاً لبنى تزحزح أفق التوقع لدى المتلقي، وتنقله من حالة الغياب الى الحضور عبر آلية تستوعب الوجود بكل مفاصله، وتخلق حالة الدهشة عبر تآلف بين المتناقضات بوساطة لغة ايحائية تستنطق اللامرئيات عبر حيل لغوية متناسقة، فالدراسة تحاول اضاءة خصيصة من خصائص شعر ابن بسّام البغدادي في العصر العباسي، ولإثبات تجربته الابداعية وقع اختيار البحث على شعره.

رؤية الهلال عند الشيخ البهائي العاملي(ت1031ه)، في ضوء دعاء الإمام السجاد(عليه السلام)، دِراسة فقهية تفسيرية لغوية

زين العابدين عوده عبد الأمير طلومه — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This research deals with the sighting of the crescent moon according to Sheikh Baha’i al-Amili in light of the supplication of Imam al-Sajjad (peace be upon him), as a jurisprudential issue with linguistic, interpretive and spiritual dimensions The first section begins by explaining the concept of the crescent moon according to linguists, who defined it as the moon in its early appearance after the new moon, and its name is derived from the word “al-ihlal,” meaning raising one’s voice when seeing it. The study showed that linguists agree that the crescent moon applies only to the first nights and not to the rest of the moon’s phases، The research then moves on to presenting the jurisprudential opinions related to the crescent moon, explaining the effect of the linguistic definition in deriving the legal ruling، In the second section, he discusses the ruling on following the Prophet when seeing the crescent moon Sheikh Baha’i believes it is desirable to follow the Prophet and the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) in words and deeds when seeing the crescent moon This section emphasizes that following the Prophet has a devotional and ethical dimension, and is not merely a formal act. The third point addresses the times for supplication and the ruling on sighting the new moon, emphasizing that sighting the new moon is a communal obligation to establish the beginning of the month. It also clarifies that the time of sighting the new moon is considered a blessed time for supplication to be answered, and Sheikh Baha'i (may God have mercy on him) connects the legal ruling with the spiritual dimension of supplication at this moment. In the fourth section, the research presents the supplications narrated when looking at the crescent moon, especially the supplication of Imam al-Sajjad, peace be upon him, mentioned in al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya. The interpretive analysis shows that the supplication contains deep doctrinal and educational meanings, and the linguistic analysis reveals the accuracy of the words and their harmony with the legal purpose. The research confirms that these supplications reinforce the connection between time and worship. The fifth point addresses the etiquette that should be observed when reciting the supplication, including purity, facing the qibla, presence of heart, and awareness of God's greatness. Sheikh Baha'i (may God have mercy on him) explains that these etiquettes perfect the effect of the supplication and enhance its acceptance. The research concludes that the sighting of the crescent moon is not a purely jurisprudential matter, but rather an occasion that combines legal ruling and spiritual meaning. Sheikh Baha'i's vision embodies the integration of jurisprudence with interpretation and language, reflecting the depth of the Islamic approach to dealing with time and worship.

The argumentation of rhetorical discourse in the texts of the self-blaming soul by Sheikh Ibrahim bin Ali Al-Kafa’mi (d. 905 AH)

ساهرة عدنان وهيب العنبكي — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The topic of argumentation is a tool for discussing ideas and visions according to their speculative nature or credibility, as it is a communication link that is concerned with the recipient and his intuition based on suspicion or truth - for the purpose of persuasion and dialogue and then obligating compliance and submission, with the intention of either casting doubt on opinions, or opposing them, or establishing and supporting them through the mechanisms of debate, argumentation and reasoning by presenting the claim and the counter-claim, then reviewing the arguments in order to reach a convincing result for the recipient. This evidence or argument is based on description or the method of definition or narration of facts, or explanation, representation, debate and other numerous methods such as tonal music, or sarcasm and astonishment, or grammatical rhetoric by using pronouns for intimidation, enticement, persuasion, warning, calling, advice and subjugation. I preferred to study this topic in the texts of Sheikh Ibrahim Al-Kafa’mi in his speech “Accounting the Blaming Self.”

اللّغة والازدواج

وفاء عواد سعدون — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The Arabic language is one of the most prominent languages characterized by a rich and diverse structural and semantic system. However, it faces a complex linguistic and sociocultural phenomenon known as *diglossia*, in which two distinct varieties coexist: the Classical or Standard Arabic, with its formal and traditional character, and the colloquial dialects associated with everyday and lived discourse. This duality raises fundamental questions regarding the nature of Arabic and its role in preserving cultural identity and facilitating social communication. This study aims to examine the phenomenon of diglossia in Arabic from multiple perspectives, tracing its roots in Arab culture since ancient times and following its evolution through different historical stages up to its contemporary reality. The research adopts a descriptive and analytical approach that combines data from both classical and modern linguistic sources, analyzing them in light of linguistic and sociolinguistic theories. It also compares the viewpoints of Arab scholars and orientalists in their interpretations of this phenomenon. The significance of this research lies in its attempt to clarify the relationship between Standard Arabic and the vernacular dialects, and to explore whether diglossia constitutes a threat to the unity of the Arabic language, leading to its fragmentation, or whether it represents a natural condition reflecting the vitality and adaptability of the language in diverse communicative contexts. The study also seeks to highlight the implications of this phenomenon in key domains such as education, media, and cultural identity formation, in addition to its impact on language policy across the Arab world. The findings indicate that diglossia is not merely a superficial division between two linguistic levels, but rather a dynamic structure that embodies both strengths and weaknesses. On one hand, it allows flexibility in expression and communication; on the other, it complicates the processes of learning and teaching the language. Its persistence is tied to historical, social, political, and cultural factors that make it an integral part of the Arabic linguistic landscape, difficult to overcome or eliminate. Understanding diglossia in Arabic is an urgent necessity—not only for describing the current linguistic reality, but also for anticipating the future of the Arabic language amid contemporary challenges, particularly the dominance of foreign languages, the digital media revolution, and the emergence of new modes of communication. Studying this phenomenon opens avenues for rethinking Arabic language education and policy in ways that balance the preservation of Standard Arabic with an openness to linguistic diversity in use.

مسائل التعليل في المعربات عند الأردبيلي

عبد هادي خضير آل حمد, عبد السلام محمد خلف المشهداني — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Although we admire the efforts of those who came before to study the phenomenon of reasoning, its emergence, development, and prosperity, its field cannot be limited by anyone to criticize, guide, and evaluate it, especially the opinions of some hadith scholars about this phenomenon. I find some of them are not devoid of an exaggeration in our inheritance that we have received from the ancients, forgetting their efforts in their elaboration of everything. A grammatical or linguistic rule or aspect is the evidence that supports it, even if it is rational. Al-Ardebili expanded on the use of words that indicate the cause, but he did not explicitly use the phrase cause except once, and more than he used what corresponds to it, such as reason, purpose, in that, and he also used tools and letters that carried in their connotations what indicates the reasoning, he mentioned many of Without attributing them to himself or to any of the scholars, Al-Ardebili presented some of the reasons by hypothesizing statements and responses to them, as well as by weighing between opinions based on the reason. In many cases, he does not declare the attribution of the cause to anyone, because he conveys an idea that he promotes in his own style. The study recommends conducting more research and grammatical studies, such as grammatical guidelines and others, for this valuable book and shedding light on a distinguished world of Arabic language scholars.

جماليات الصورة الشعرية عند ابن الشبل البغدادي

ضفاف عدنان إسماعيل, زينب حمزه جبر — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The aesthetic image is one of the most important rhetorical images with aesthetically suggestive connotations. It does not rely solely on similes, but rather incorporates subtle symbolic aesthetics, capturing the finest details and depicting them in a way that astounds the mind and touches the conscience. This is because memory, especially Arab memory, excels in capturing the sources of beauty by linking the mind and imagination to realistic images, producing poetic aesthetic images that mimic the recipient's feelings, arouse astonishment, and raise questions. Ibn al-Shibl al-Baghdadi's poetry represents a vivid turning point in this direction. He lived during a period of scientific and cultural cross-pollination, creating new poetic images based on his exposure to contemporary and preceding literatures. He combined all these images with familiar nature, creating a world characterized by the sincerity of poetic experience. His images are harmonious, without affectation or affectation, far removed from complexity and distortion. The power of poetic images is manifested in the genius of the imagery, which casts its shadow over the poetic text.