Tasnim International Journal for Human, Social and Legal Sciences

البنية الصوتية ودورها في إنتاج الدلالة الإنفعالية: دراسة في الشعر العربي المعاصر

حنين حمزه عبد الحسين كزار الخزعلي — Sat, 15 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This research stems from the premise that the sound structure in contemporary Arabic poetic texts is not merely a rhythmic or aesthetic means, but rather an active tool in producing the emotional meaning that the text conveys to the recipient. Sounds, with their auditory and rhythmic energies, are capable of arousing emotion and directing interpretation, such that their direct presence is reflected in the semantic structure and gives it a psychological and emotional dimension. The research will focus on analyzing a selection of modern poetic texts to reveal aspects of the interaction between sound and meaning. This will be achieved through studying phenomena such as sound repetition, individual sounds, and internal rhythm, as tools that contribute to intensifying the emotional charge of the text and conveying emotion to the reader. The stylistic approach will be adopted as a procedural tool for analysis, given its ability to link the phonetic structure and the semantic structure within a single, integrated framework.

أهمية التطبيقات الذكاء الاصطناعي على القطاع السياحي في العراق

حقي اسماعيل اليساري — Sat, 15 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to examine the significance of artificial intelligence (AI) applications and their role in developing the tourism sector in Iraq. It highlights the major technological applications used to improve the quality of tourism services and enhance the operational efficiency of tourism institutions, while identifying the challenges that hinder their adoption in the Iraqi tourism sector. The study adopts a descriptive approach based on reviewing and analyzing relevant academic literature and previous studies to explore the potential of AI technologies in supporting sustainable tourism development. It addresses the fundamental concepts, characteristics, and types of artificial intelligence and examines its major applications in tourism, including chatbots, real-time translation systems, virtual assistants, intelligent booking systems, data analytics, and predictive tools for identifying tourists' needs. The study concludes that AI applications contribute to improving tourism service quality, reducing operational costs, strengthening the competitiveness of tourism institutions, supporting decision-making, and enhancing tourists' experiences. The findings also indicate that Iraq's tourism sector faces several challenges, particularly inadequate technological infrastructure, high implementation costs, and the need to develop the digital competencies of tourism personnel. Accordingly, the study recommends investing in technological infrastructure, developing human resource capabilities, strengthening public-private partnerships, and adopting policies that balance technological innovation with the continued importance of human involvement. These measures can contribute to the effective integration of AI applications and promote sustainable tourism development in Iraq.

قياس التغيرات الزمنية في المصطلحات التاريخية عبر Text Mining.

حسين محسن علي التميمي — Sat, 15 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Over the past two decades, Text Mining technologies have revolutionized the study of language and history, enabling researchers to analyze large-scale historical corpora with greater accuracy and objectivity than traditional methods. This study employs Natural Language Processing (NLP) and text mining techniques to identify and analyze changes in historical terminology across multiple time periods using large, chronologically organized digital historical corpora.

The significance of this research lies in its ability to trace the emergence, evolution, and semantic transformation of historical terms, while examining their relationship with the social, political, and cultural developments of the societies in which they were used. The study applies computational methods such as Term Frequency–Inverse Document Frequency (TF–IDF) to identify significant terms across different historical periods, alongside Topic Modeling techniques to uncover the semantic patterns characterizing each era.

Recent findings (2025) from studies on European historical texts using Explainable Machine Learning (XML) demonstrate that linguistic patterns associated with specific historical periods can be predicted with an accuracy of up to 76.7% in distinguishing between different centuries. Feature importance analysis further revealed clear patterns of linguistic evolution over time.

These findings highlight the effectiveness of digital text mining in historical research, not only for tracking terminological change but also for deepening our understanding of the relationship between language and the socio-political contexts in which historical terminology developed. Consequently, this approach opens new avenues for research in historical linguistics and the digital humanities

وصية الإمام الحسن للقاسم وأبعادها الفقهية

رحاب حسين جبار إبراهيم الزغير — Sat, 15 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This research deals with a jurisprudential study of the will of Imam Al-Hasan (peace be upon him) to his son Al-Qasim (peace be upon him), in a letter before his martyrdom, regarding the necessity of supporting his uncle Imam Al-Hussein (peace be upon him) in Karbala. He did not withhold his life and was inclined to take the initiative in jihad and battle if the enemies surrounded al-Husayn, and he insisted that he be given permission to fight. This testament is considered an important pillar in the jurisprudence of defending the truth in the legal texts of the school of Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them), and it also represents an important model of the Karbala legal heritage in the first century AH. Because it reveals the profound divine plan for the continuation of Imam Hussein's (peace be upon him) cause throughout the ages This research aims to uncover the details of the will in terms of its content, timing, and outcome, and to emphasize the legal obligation to support and defend Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) when surrounded by enemies, highlighting the explicit permission for self-sacrifice (jihad). Al-Qasim (peace be upon him) was free from fear despite his young age and being an orphan, and the necessity of his complete commitment to the will of his father Al-Hasan (peace be upon him), and the way to reach the legal ruling through the verbal evidence to identify the connection of the will to the highest meanings of obedience to the guardian of the matter and its connection between defending the Imam and reaching eternal victory and martyrdom. For this reason, the will was considered a commitment and a covenant that must be implemented The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach, directly reading the legal text and analyzing the structure of the hadith in a way that arranges the research content and its context in terms of relevance, application, and correct method. In this way, the will was described in meticulous detail.

التحول الرقمي ودوره في تطوير العملية التعليمية في استونيا (دراسة حالة)

اياد عبود مجيد المفرجي — Sat, 15 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This current study aimed to demonstrate the digital transformation and its role in developing the educational process in Estonia. To achieve the study's objectives, the researcher adopted the descriptive methodology due to its suitability for the current study. This was done through reviewing literature, studies, research papers, reports, and articles related to this purpose, in order to obtain answers to the study's questions and reach results that fulfill the study's aim.

The study reached a set of results, the most important of which are:

The Republic of Estonia adopted the idea of digital transformation since its independence from the Soviet Union in 1990 because it realized that the only development that would save it from its limited resources was technological development, Estonia adopted the idea of developing education and transforming it from traditional to electronic by issuing special laws for this purpose and establishing special websites and platforms. It succeeded in this when it connected all educational institutions and schools to internet services and provided internet, computers, and their special tools to all classrooms. This is in addition to using electronic whiteboards and electronic portfolios, and getting rid of the excessive weight resulting from paper bags and books.

المتشابه القرآني بين مدرسة ال البيت (عليهم السلام) ومدرسة اهل السنة والجماعة

سعود شنيار خفي وادي السعيدي — Sat, 15 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The Holy Quran contains verses that are clear and unambiguous (muhkam) and verses that are allegorical (mutashabih), requiring precise interpretation. Schools of Quranic exegesis differ in their understanding of these allegorical verses. The school of Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) relies on interpreting the Quran with the Quran itself and the hadiths of the infallible Imams, focusing on spiritual and esoteric meanings. In contrast, the Sunni school focuses on the literal and grammatical meaning of the verses, interpreting them in accordance with Islamic law and the Prophetic Sunnah. Despite the differences in methodology, there are key points of convergence, most importantly: prioritizing the Quran, ensuring consistency between verses, and relying on the Sunnah to clarify allegorical verses. This highlights the richness and comprehensiveness of the Quran, encompassing both spiritual and legal meanings.

البعد التاريخي في اللوحة التشكيلية ودورها في الهوية الثقافية العراقية في مادة التربية الفنية لدى طلبة المرحلة المتوسطة

اخلاص هاشم عودة — Sat, 15 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The historical dimension is the cornerstone of cultural identity, as it shapes a country's past, which strengthens social cohesion through the transmission of values and customs. The historical dimension acts as a mirror reflecting heritage, contributing to the formation of cultural identity and distinguishing it from other cultures. We need awareness of heritage and history to preserve the diversity and distinctiveness that sets our country apart, thus affirming our civilizational belonging. Thus, we find that educational institutions play a pivotal role in fostering historical awareness and consolidating cultural identity through the study of history in a way that aligns with the demands of the present and looks toward the future. This can be explored through the embodiment of history in artistic works in general, and in visual art in particular. The researcher recognized the importance of conducting a study on the historical dimension in visual art and its role in Iraqi cultural identity. The research is structured from the first chapter, which addresses the research problem through the following question: Does the historical dimension in visual art play a role in Iraqi cultural identity? It also includes the importance, objective, scope, and definition of terms.The second chapter comprises two sections: the first addresses the historical dimensions of artistic works, while the fourth chapter includes the results, findings, recommendations, and suggestions, followed by the references and sources

Some Motivational Traits and Their Relationship to the Performance of Passing Skills in Basketball among Female Students

NOORALHUDA SATTAR JABBAR — Sat, 15 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to identify selected motivational traits among female students and examine their relationship with the performance of passing skills in basketball. Motivation represents an important psychological factor in sports performance, as it influences students’ willingness to learn, participate in training, persist in performing tasks, and improve their skill level. The study focused on motivational traits associated with achievement, persistence, self-confidence, and the desire to perform successfully, while examining their relationship with the accuracy and effectiveness of basketball passing skills. The researchers adopted the descriptive approach using the correlational method because of its suitability for investigating the relationship between psychological variables and skill performance. The research sample consisted of female students who practiced basketball as part of their academic program. Appropriate measures were used to assess the selected motivational traits, while standardized skill tests were applied to evaluate passing performance. The collected data were analyzed using suitable statistical methods to determine the levels of motivational traits and the strength of their relationships with passing performance. The results indicated that the participants demonstrated varying levels of motivational traits and passing ability. The findings also showed significant relationships between several motivational traits and the performance of basketball passing skills, indicating that students with higher levels of motivation tended to demonstrate better skill performance. The study concluded that psychological and motivational factors should receive attention alongside physical and technical preparation in basketball instruction. It recommends integrating motivational strategies into teaching and training programs to support skill acquisition, increase student participation, and improve the performance of passing skills among female students.

تاريخية النص الديني

شهاب احمد علي فيحان — Sat, 15 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

تفكيك المصطلحات من جملة الأطر الاجتهادية التي توفر سعة للشريعة وقدرتها على تغطية الوقائع المستجدة والاستجابة لها هي تاريخية بعض النصوص والأحكام، ولكي تتجلى الفكرة أكثر لا بدَّ من التمييز بين نوعين من التاريخية: الأوّل: التاريخية المعرفية، يُقصد بها إنّ القارئ للنص يدرس مدلولاته في ضوء المعطيات التاريخية والبعد التاريخي، فتكون له صورة توضّح مدلول النص ومعطياته واهدافه، سواء أكانت تلك الصورة تجعل النص ممتداً عبر المراحل الزمنية أم يكون النص مقيداً بالصورة التاريخية. ولتوضيح التاريخية المعرفية نستعين بما نقله الحر العاملي (العاملي، 2002: 224 الفائدة 51) من أنّ فقيهاً شيعياً كتب بحثاً في تحريم القهوة، واستند في ذلك لروايات ناهية عنها، ولكن اتضح بعد ذلك الخطأ الجسيم الذي ارتكبه؛ فإنه في الزمن السابق تطلق كلمة (القهوة) على الخمر فأفتى بحرّمة شربها؛ لأن الصورة التاريخية لهذه الكلمة لم يعلم بانطباقها على الخمر، بل لعلّه في زماننا هذه القهوة لا وجود لها في ذلك الوقت. وهذه التاريخية المعرفية لا علاقة لها ببحث تاريخية النص (حب الله، 2011: 665). الثاني: التاريخية الواقعية، يُقصد بها أنّ النص التشريعي يُقرأ على أساس التاريخية، فيبقى النص محاطاً بعنصر الزمان والمكان وليس له امتداد مرحلي أكبر مما ورد فيه، مما يعني أن يطرأ على الحكم السابق تبديل، أو بعض التعديل فلا تشترك كلّ الاجيال في الحكم الصادر أوّلاً وإنما لكلّ جيل حكمه الخاص به (الطعان، 2007: 332). ولكي تتضح الصورة أكثر نقدم أنموذجاً مشهوراً وهو أنصبة الزكاة؛ إذ النصوص التشريعية (العاملي، 2008: 9/10) أوجبت الزكاة في الاصناف التسعة المعروفة، وهي الغلات الاربع والانعام الثلاثة والنقدين المسكوكين بسكة المعاملة، ومن الواضح أنّ الغرض من تشريع الزكاة حسب ما صرّحت به الروايات (العاملي، 2008: 9/10) هو لسد احتياجات الفقراء، فالنصوص لابد أن تقرأ قراءة تاريخية بمعنى أنَّ الشارع أوجب الزكاة في الاصناف المعروفة من أجل أنها تشكّل عاملاً اقتصادياً للمجتمع آنذاك فيمكن من خلالها سد الحاجة، ويلزم من ذلك أنّ هذه الاصناف إذا كانت لا تسد الحاجة في وقتنا الحاضر، بل بلغت من الضآلة بدرجة لا تشكّل عاملاً رئيسياً لسد الاحتياج كالزبيب، واعيان النقدين، أي: المسكوكات فإنها غير موجودة اليوم أو سقط التعامل بها واستبدلت بأوراق نقدية، لا سيّما إذا ضممنا مسألة الحول ومسألة السوم، كلّ ذلك يجعل أنّ مسالة تشريع الزكاة بلا طائل، فعلى هذا الاساس يتضح أنّ ملاك وروح تشريع تلك الاصناف هو لأنها تشكّل عاملاً مؤثراً في حياة المجتمع آنذاك، فإذا ارتفع هذا العامل الاقتصادي فلا تسقط الزكاة بلحاظها وإنما علينا توسّعة المصاديق إلى ما يسدّ رمق الفقراء.

القرأن الكــريم وبـــناء الشخصـــية الإنسانية

منى مطر جبر — Sat, 15 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to identify the Quranic foundations of human personality development and examine their role in achieving integration among the intellectual, spiritual, moral, and social dimensions of human personality. It draws on the Quranic perspective of human beings as dignified individuals who bear responsibility for their actions and choices. The research problem arises from the tendency of previous studies to examine individual components of human personality separately, without adequately addressing their interconnectedness within the Quranic framework. The study employs a deductive approach to derive principles from relevant Quranic verses, an analytical approach to interpret their meanings, a comparative approach drawing on Quranic commentaries and Hadith literature, and an applied approach to relate Quranic principles to contemporary educational and social issues. It examines the fundamental foundations of personality development, particularly innate human disposition (fitrah), reason, freedom, and free will, alongside religious and moral values and the role of spiritual purification and worship in shaping human behavior. The study also explores the practical application of these principles within families, educational institutions, and society. The findings indicate that the Holy Quran presents a comprehensive framework for human personality development based on balancing faith and reason, rights and responsibilities, and individual righteousness and social responsibility. The study further identifies the family as the primary environment for instilling values, educational institutions as essential settings for developing awareness and moral conduct, and the principles of justice, social solidarity, and cooperation as fundamental to social cohesion. Accordingly, the study recommends strengthening Quranic education within families, integrating Quranic values into educational curricula, preparing teachers to serve as ethical role models, and promoting community initiatives grounded in justice and social solidarity. These measures can contribute to developing balanced individuals capable of addressing contemporary challenges.

ما فاعلية تطبيق مصمم بالذكاء الاصطناعي في زيادة الدافعية نحو تدريس مادة االتأريخ لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعداديةفي العراق

رائد حامد علون الزهيري — Sat, 15 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

increasing motivation towards teaching history among preparatory school students in Iraq. The researcher used a quasi-experimental design to conduct the research. To achieve the study's objectives, a motivation towards learning scale was developed, and its validity and reliability were confirmed by administering it to a sample of (50) students from Iqraa Model Secondary School - Special Education in Kirkuk Governorate. This sample consisted of a control group of (25) students who studied using the traditional method and an experimental group of (25) students who studied using an AI-designed application during the first semester of the 2025-2026 academic year.

The results showed statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the pre- and post-tests of the motivation towards learning scale, favoring the experimental group. Based on the findings, the researcher recommended developing AI-based instructional designs and training social studies teachers on using these designs in their teaching. Integrating artificial intelligence and multimedia technologies into history curricula, within the context of the various digital transformations, plays a vital and influential role in making the acquisition of experience and learning an active and continuous process

البعد الدلالي لحروف الجر في الصّحيفة السّجاديّة / دراسة دلالية تحليلية

حميده اسماعيل كريم الاعرجي — Sat, 15 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This research deals with the prepositions in Sahifa al-Sajjadiya because of their deep connotations and meanings. Sahifa al-Sajjadiya was chosen; Because it is one of the supplications narrated on the authority of Imam Zayn al-Abidin, and to show its meanings according to the context of the text, the search revealed the most frequent letters in terms of their original meaning or figurative meaning, and after we found that these letters have increased and are distinguished in the blessed supplications, in addition to mentioning the meanings of these letters in the books of the letters of meanings, we find the use of the real and metaphorical meaning in Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya, so we chose to approach the topic from the lexical semantic aspect, and the research concluded that the most studied prepositions are Repeatedly, it is (in) in the circumstantial sense, and less frequently than it is (to), which occurs in the sense of the end of the purpose, and less frequently than them is (about), which occurs in the sense of going beyond.

دلالة الجملة في القران الكريم آيات المغازي (إنموذجاً)

أمير احمد عبيد حسين — Sat, 15 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The Arabic sentence has many issues and manifestations, rotating in Arabic usage; Therefore, say that you find a grammatical chapter devoid of talking about any of it, and its study is not limited to grammatical structures, but rather includes a number of tools, and in all of this it is concerned with provisions and issues, which in total constitute stylistic characteristics of their uses. And it is one of the most problematic sections of sentences and a lot of issues, and I do not find any kind of Arabic sentence - whatever the division includes what this sentence contains of issues and problems, and among its important issues: grammatical work, its cancellation and suspension, and its specialization with a number of grammatical provisions that differ in it, And the effects of the request in its construction, the meeting of some phenomena and their conflict in the rulings (such as the meeting of the conditional and interrogative), omission and remembrance, the grammarians’ disagreement about the permissibility of omission, advance and delay, the participation of the verbal image of the same building and its impact on the structure, and others.

الجينيالوجيا الأخلاقية في فكر الإمام علي (عليه السلام): نحو تأسيس معيارية الحق في مواجهة نسبية القوة

جاسم الموسوي — Sat, 15 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study reexamines the concept of moral genealogy through the intellectual framework of Imam Ali, placing it in critical dialogue with modern formulations, particularly those of Nietzsche and Foucault. It addresses a central question: is it possible to construct a non-relativistic genealogy that preserves a stable of truth while exposing historical deviations? The research argues that Imam Ali’s thought offers an alternative model that traces the genealogy of deviation rather than deconstructing truth itself. By employing a comparative analytical methodology, the study highlights fundamental differences between the two paradigms. It introduces the notion of a “genealogy of truth” grounded in ethical objectivity. This model opens new horizons for contemporary Islamic moral philosophy and critical theory

Ethical Reasoning through Conceptual Metaphor in Narrative Discourse

Abdullah Kareem Al-Shamarti, Fazel Asadi Amjad — Sat, 15 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article investigates how conceptual metaphor makes ethical judgments available and how narrative discourse tests their adequacy. P. D. James’s The Children of Men remains the central text, read comparatively with Cormac McCarthy’s The Road, Hugh Howey’s Wool, and Paul Lynch’s Prophet Song. A qualitative, scene-based method connects figurative expressions with source-domain inferences, narrative perspective, and consequences across each novel. James’s metaphors of decay and burden naturalize political resignation, while the movement from guardianship to command exposes the instability of protective authority. McCarthy’s recurring fire associates survival with moral continuity but requires correction through the child’s responses to strangers. Howey combines constriction and coffin imagery with deceptive visual experience, questioning whether apparent knowledge can justify collective obedience. Lynch’s metaphors of drowning and consumption communicate political vulnerability while risking the naturalization of organized violence. The comparison shows that ethical reasoning involves more than selecting an appropriate metaphor: it requires examining its distribution of agency, its exclusions, and its revision through narrative progression. The novels offer different means of challenging metaphorical inference, including internal contradiction, dialogue, material verification, and changes of scale. Their ethical achievement lies in making partial descriptions answerable to the lives they organize.

دور الذكاء الاصطناعي في تحقيق الاستدامة التنظيمية - دراسة تحليلية

اسراء عبد السلام خليل — Sat, 15 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The current research aims to analyze the role of artificial intelligence in achieving organizational sustainability through a field study conducted at the First Karkh Directorate of Education. The research focuses on four main dimensions of artificial intelligence: artificial neural networks, machine learning, deep learning, and expert systems, and examines their impact on the three dimensions of organizational sustainability: environmental, economic, and social sustainability. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach, and data were collected from a sample of 30 employees using a validated questionnaire. The statistical analysis results showed that the level of AI technology utilization within the Directorate was relatively high, with deep learning emerging as the most widely used and effective dimension. The findings also indicated that the social dimension of sustainability achieved the highest level, while the environmental dimension recorded the lowest. The correlation coefficient demonstrated a strong, positive, and statistically significant relationship between artificial intelligence and organizational sustainability. Regression models further revealed that artificial intelligence explained 75% of the variance in organizational sustainability. The researcher recommends strengthening the adoption of artificial intelligence within strategic administrative policies, developing digital infrastructure, and integrating AI tools to support decision-making efficiency and achieve a balance among the dimensions of sustainability.

Algorithmic Biases in Religious Text Retrieval: The Ja'fari School as a Model

محمد سالم حطاب البخاتي, هاجر جبار عمار الجابري — Sat, 15 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates algorithmic biases in digital religious text retrieval systems, with a focus on the Twelver Ja'fari school of jurisprudence as an applied empirical model. The research examines the impact of natural language processing (NLP) and artificial intelligence algorithms on search and retrieval within Ja'fari primary sources—the Four Books and Bihar al-Anwar. The study identifies four core bias categories: training data bias, selection bias, representation bias, and linguistic bias. To validate these findings both theoretically and empirically, the researchers conducted an experimental study across four digital systems using five theological and jurisprudential queries. Quantitative analysis and visualizations measure retrieval accuracy. Findings confirm that Ja'fari sources represent less than 5% of major training datasets, and that general search engines return Sunni-predominant results in over 80% of queries. The paper concludes with recommendations targeting specialized digitization, tailored language models, and algorithmic fairness initiatives.

The Impact of Technology on Student Engagement and Academic Performance in English Language Education in Iraqi Secondary Schools: A Mixed-Methods Quasi-Experimental Study

خدیجه هاشم خمس — Sat, 15 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the impact of educational technology on student engagement and academic performance in TESOL classrooms in Iraqi secondary schools for girls. Technology has transformed Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) by providing tools that enhance accessibility, personalize learning, and promote interaction. This paper reviews the transformative role of technology, ranging from virtual classrooms and adaptive learning applications to innovative programs and immersive environments. While technology can improve teaching efficiency and learner engagement, challenges such as the digital divide and excessive reliance on technology are also discussed. The paper advocates a balanced approach that integrates traditional teaching methods with technological advancements.
Future developments, including tools such as Quizlet Live and Padlet, artificial intelligence, and blockchain technology, offer further possibilities for innovation, potentially making TESOL more inclusive and dynamic for both learners and teachers. These tools not only provide more accurate and objective assessment but also enable faster and more frequent feedback, thereby improving effectiveness (Prayudi et al., 2021).
In many Iraqi classrooms, English language instruction continues to rely heavily on teacher-centered methods and textbooks, which often restrict student participation and reduce motivation. To address this issue, the present study adopted a mixed-methods quasi-experimental design to investigate whether technology-enhanced instruction could improve student engagement and academic achievement compared with traditional teaching methods.
The quantitative component involved two eleventh-grade classes from a public secondary school in Baghdad. One group received technology-enhanced instruction, while the other group followed a traditional textbook-based approach. Data were collected through pre- and post-intervention achievement tests and a multidimensional student engagement scale measuring behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement. In addition, qualitative data were collected through classroom observations and semi-structured interviews to examine students’ and teachers’ experiences of the intervention.
The findings indicated that the experimental group demonstrated greater improvement in academic performance and stronger levels of engagement, particularly in the emotional dimension. The qualitative findings further suggested that educational technology helped reduce anxiety, increase participation, and create a more interactive learning environment. However, infrastructural challenges, including unstable Internet access and electricity shortages, remained significant barriers to consistent implementation.
The study concludes that when educational technology is used pedagogically and supported by adequate teacher preparation, it can play a valuable role in improving TESOL learning outcomes in Iraqi secondary schools.

دلالة الجملة في القران الكريم آيات المغازي ((إنموذجاً))

أمير احمد عبيد حسين — Sat, 15 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

And it is one of the most problematic sections of sentences and a lot of issues, and I do not find any kind of Arabic sentence - whatever the division includes what this sentence contains of issues and problems, and among its important issues: grammatical work, its cancellation and suspension, and its specialization with a number of grammatical provisions that differ in it, And the effects of the request in its construction, the meeting of some phenomena and their conflict in the rulings (such as the meeting of the conditional and interrogative), omission and remembrance, the grammarians’ disagreement about the permissibility of omission, advance and delay, the participation of the verbal image of the same building and its impact on the structure, and others.

اثر اسلوب تعليمي قائم على الانغماس اللغوي في تنمية الطلاقة القرائية لدى تلاميذ الصف الخامس الابتدائي

علي جاسم راضي — Sat, 15 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The current research aims to find out the effect of a teaching method based on language immersion on developing reading fluency for fifth-grade primary students. To achieve the research goal, the researcher chose Al-Aqsa Primary School for Boys. He chose section (A) to be the experimental group, which studies using the language immersion method. He also chose section (B) to be the control group, which studies using the traditional method. The research sample included 54 students, with 27 students in the experimental group and 27 students in the control group. The researcher did a statistical equivalence between the students of the two groups in the following variables: (students’ age calculated in months, Arabic language scores in the mid-year exam, and parents’ educational level). The researcher taught both groups during the experiment, which lasted for 9 weeks. It ended by applying the reading fluency test on April 4, 2024. The researcher prepared a reading fluency test consisting of 14 items that included all reading fluency skills. Its validity and reliability were checked by using statistical tools and showing it to a group of experts and specialists in the field. The researcher used the following statistical tools: the T-test for two independent samples and Chi-square. After analyzing the results statistically, the researcher found that: The students of the experimental group performed better than the students of the control group in reading fluency. Based on this, the researcher reached several conclusions, including: Continuous communication in Standard Arabic using the language immersion method led to improving the students’ language ability in general, and their reading fluency level in particular. The study gave a number of recommendations, including: Training educational staff and encouraging them to speak Standard Arabic with learners inside educational institutions