Tasnim International Journal for Human, Social and Legal Sciences

البعد الدلالي لحروف الجر في الصّحيفة السّجاديّة / دراسة دلالية تحليلية

2026-09-28T15:32:12+00:00

This research deals with the prepositions in Sahifa al-Sajjadiya because of their deep connotations and meanings. Sahifa al-Sajjadiya was chosen; Because it is one of the supplications narrated on the authority of Imam Zayn al-Abidin, and to show its meanings according to the context of the text, the search revealed the most frequent letters in terms of their original meaning or figurative meaning, and after we found that these letters have increased and are distinguished in the blessed supplications, in addition to mentioning the meanings of these letters in the books of the letters of meanings, we find the use of the real and metaphorical meaning in Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya, so we chose to approach the topic from the lexical semantic aspect, and the research concluded that the most studied prepositions are Repeatedly, it is (in) in the circumstantial sense, and less frequently than it is (to), which occurs in the sense of the end of the purpose, and less frequently than them is (about), which occurs in the sense of going beyond.

الجينيالوجيا الأخلاقية في فكر الإمام علي (عليه السلام): نحو تأسيس معيارية الحق في مواجهة نسبية القوة

2026-09-30T03:18:03+00:00

This study reexamines the concept of moral genealogy through the intellectual framework of Imam Ali, placing it in critical dialogue with modern formulations, particularly those of Nietzsche and Foucault. It addresses a central question: is it possible to construct a non-relativistic genealogy that preserves a stable of truth while exposing historical deviations? The research argues that Imam Ali’s thought offers an alternative model that traces the genealogy of deviation rather than deconstructing truth itself. By employing a comparative analytical methodology, the study highlights fundamental differences between the two paradigms. It introduces the notion of a “genealogy of truth” grounded in ethical objectivity. This model opens new horizons for contemporary Islamic moral philosophy and critical theory

دور الذكاء الاصطناعي في تحقيق الاستدامة التنظيمية - دراسة تحليلية

2026-09-30T02:01:45+00:00

The current research aims to analyze the role of artificial intelligence in achieving organizational sustainability through a field study conducted at the First Karkh Directorate of Education. The research focuses on four main dimensions of artificial intelligence: artificial neural networks, machine learning, deep learning, and expert systems, and examines their impact on the three dimensions of organizational sustainability: environmental, economic, and social sustainability. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach, and data were collected from a sample of 30 employees using a validated questionnaire. The statistical analysis results showed that the level of AI technology utilization within the Directorate was relatively high, with deep learning emerging as the most widely used and effective dimension. The findings also indicated that the social dimension of sustainability achieved the highest level, while the environmental dimension recorded the lowest. The correlation coefficient demonstrated a strong, positive, and statistically significant relationship between artificial intelligence and organizational sustainability. Regression models further revealed that artificial intelligence explained 75% of the variance in organizational sustainability. The researcher recommends strengthening the adoption of artificial intelligence within strategic administrative policies, developing digital infrastructure, and integrating AI tools to support decision-making efficiency and achieve a balance among the dimensions of sustainability.

Algorithmic Biases in Religious Text Retrieval: The Ja'fari School as a Model

2026-10-05T15:21:19+00:00

This study investigates algorithmic biases in digital religious text retrieval systems, with a focus on the Twelver Ja'fari school of jurisprudence as an applied empirical model. The research examines the impact of natural language processing (NLP) and artificial intelligence algorithms on search and retrieval within Ja'fari primary sources—the Four Books and Bihar al-Anwar. The study identifies four core bias categories: training data bias, selection bias, representation bias, and linguistic bias. To validate these findings both theoretically and empirically, the researchers conducted an experimental study across four digital systems using five theological and jurisprudential queries. Quantitative analysis and visualizations measure retrieval accuracy. Findings confirm that Ja'fari sources represent less than 5% of major training datasets, and that general search engines return Sunni-predominant results in over 80% of queries. The paper concludes with recommendations targeting specialized digitization, tailored language models, and algorithmic fairness initiatives.

The Impact of Technology on Student Engagement and Academic Performance in English Language Education in Iraqi Secondary Schools: A Mixed-Methods Quasi-Experimental Study

2026-09-28T16:44:00+00:00

This study investigates the impact of educational technology on student engagement and academic performance in TESOL classrooms in Iraqi secondary schools for girls. Technology has transformed Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) by providing tools that enhance accessibility, personalize learning, and promote interaction. This paper reviews the transformative role of technology, ranging from virtual classrooms and adaptive learning applications to innovative programs and immersive environments. While technology can improve teaching efficiency and learner engagement, challenges such as the digital divide and excessive reliance on technology are also discussed. The paper advocates a balanced approach that integrates traditional teaching methods with technological advancements.
Future developments, including tools such as Quizlet Live and Padlet, artificial intelligence, and blockchain technology, offer further possibilities for innovation, potentially making TESOL more inclusive and dynamic for both learners and teachers. These tools not only provide more accurate and objective assessment but also enable faster and more frequent feedback, thereby improving effectiveness (Prayudi et al., 2021).
In many Iraqi classrooms, English language instruction continues to rely heavily on teacher-centered methods and textbooks, which often restrict student participation and reduce motivation. To address this issue, the present study adopted a mixed-methods quasi-experimental design to investigate whether technology-enhanced instruction could improve student engagement and academic achievement compared with traditional teaching methods.
The quantitative component involved two eleventh-grade classes from a public secondary school in Baghdad. One group received technology-enhanced instruction, while the other group followed a traditional textbook-based approach. Data were collected through pre- and post-intervention achievement tests and a multidimensional student engagement scale measuring behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement. In addition, qualitative data were collected through classroom observations and semi-structured interviews to examine students’ and teachers’ experiences of the intervention.
The findings indicated that the experimental group demonstrated greater improvement in academic performance and stronger levels of engagement, particularly in the emotional dimension. The qualitative findings further suggested that educational technology helped reduce anxiety, increase participation, and create a more interactive learning environment. However, infrastructural challenges, including unstable Internet access and electricity shortages, remained significant barriers to consistent implementation.
The study concludes that when educational technology is used pedagogically and supported by adequate teacher preparation, it can play a valuable role in improving TESOL learning outcomes in Iraqi secondary schools.

اثر اسلوب تعليمي قائم على الانغماس اللغوي في تنمية الطلاقة القرائية لدى تلاميذ الصف الخامس الابتدائي

2026-10-01T14:06:43+00:00

The current research aims to find out the effect of a teaching method based on language immersion on developing reading fluency for fifth-grade primary students. To achieve the research goal, the researcher chose Al-Aqsa Primary School for Boys. He chose section (A) to be the experimental group, which studies using the language immersion method. He also chose section (B) to be the control group, which studies using the traditional method. The research sample included 54 students, with 27 students in the experimental group and 27 students in the control group. The researcher did a statistical equivalence between the students of the two groups in the following variables: (students’ age calculated in months, Arabic language scores in the mid-year exam, and parents’ educational level). The researcher taught both groups during the experiment, which lasted for 9 weeks. It ended by applying the reading fluency test on April 4, 2024. The researcher prepared a reading fluency test consisting of 14 items that included all reading fluency skills. Its validity and reliability were checked by using statistical tools and showing it to a group of experts and specialists in the field. The researcher used the following statistical tools: the T-test for two independent samples and Chi-square. After analyzing the results statistically, the researcher found that: The students of the experimental group performed better than the students of the control group in reading fluency. Based on this, the researcher reached several conclusions, including: Continuous communication in Standard Arabic using the language immersion method led to improving the students’ language ability in general, and their reading fluency level in particular. The study gave a number of recommendations, including: Training educational staff and encouraging them to speak Standard Arabic with learners inside educational institutions

البنية الصوتية ودورها في إنتاج الدلالة الإنفعالية: دراسة في الشعر العربي المعاصر

2026-09-28T16:08:39+00:00

This research stems from the premise that the sound structure in contemporary Arabic poetic texts is not merely a rhythmic or aesthetic means, but rather an active tool in producing the emotional meaning that the text conveys to the recipient. Sounds, with their auditory and rhythmic energies, are capable of arousing emotion and directing interpretation, such that their direct presence is reflected in the semantic structure and gives it a psychological and emotional dimension. The research will focus on analyzing a selection of modern poetic texts to reveal aspects of the interaction between sound and meaning. This will be achieved through studying phenomena such as sound repetition, individual sounds, and internal rhythm, as tools that contribute to intensifying the emotional charge of the text and conveying emotion to the reader. The stylistic approach will be adopted as a procedural tool for analysis, given its ability to link the phonetic structure and the semantic structure within a single, integrated framework.

قياس التغيرات الزمنية في المصطلحات التاريخية عبر Text Mining.

2026-09-30T03:38:39+00:00

Over the past two decades, Text Mining technologies have revolutionized the study of language and history, enabling researchers to analyze large-scale historical corpora with greater accuracy and objectivity than traditional methods. This study employs Natural Language Processing (NLP) and text mining techniques to identify and analyze changes in historical terminology across multiple time periods using large, chronologically organized digital historical corpora.

The significance of this research lies in its ability to trace the emergence, evolution, and semantic transformation of historical terms, while examining their relationship with the social, political, and cultural developments of the societies in which they were used. The study applies computational methods such as Term Frequency–Inverse Document Frequency (TF–IDF) to identify significant terms across different historical periods, alongside Topic Modeling techniques to uncover the semantic patterns characterizing each era.

Recent findings (2025) from studies on European historical texts using Explainable Machine Learning (XML) demonstrate that linguistic patterns associated with specific historical periods can be predicted with an accuracy of up to 76.7% in distinguishing between different centuries. Feature importance analysis further revealed clear patterns of linguistic evolution over time.

These findings highlight the effectiveness of digital text mining in historical research, not only for tracking terminological change but also for deepening our understanding of the relationship between language and the socio-political contexts in which historical terminology developed. Consequently, this approach opens new avenues for research in historical linguistics and the digital humanities

التحول الرقمي ودوره في تطوير العملية التعليمية في استونيا (دراسة حالة)

2026-09-30T02:55:09+00:00

This current study aimed to demonstrate the digital transformation and its role in developing the educational process in Estonia. To achieve the study's objectives, the researcher adopted the descriptive methodology due to its suitability for the current study. This was done through reviewing literature, studies, research papers, reports, and articles related to this purpose, in order to obtain answers to the study's questions and reach results that fulfill the study's aim.

The study reached a set of results, the most important of which are:

The Republic of Estonia adopted the idea of digital transformation since its independence from the Soviet Union in 1990 because it realized that the only development that would save it from its limited resources was technological development, Estonia adopted the idea of developing education and transforming it from traditional to electronic by issuing special laws for this purpose and establishing special websites and platforms. It succeeded in this when it connected all educational institutions and schools to internet services and provided internet, computers, and their special tools to all classrooms. This is in addition to using electronic whiteboards and electronic portfolios, and getting rid of the excessive weight resulting from paper bags and books.

البعد التاريخي في اللوحة التشكيلية ودورها في الهوية الثقافية العراقية في مادة التربية الفنية لدى طلبة المرحلة المتوسطة

2026-09-30T00:03:52+00:00

The historical dimension is the cornerstone of cultural identity, as it shapes a country's past, which strengthens social cohesion through the transmission of values and customs. The historical dimension acts as a mirror reflecting heritage, contributing to the formation of cultural identity and distinguishing it from other cultures. We need awareness of heritage and history to preserve the diversity and distinctiveness that sets our country apart, thus affirming our civilizational belonging. Thus, we find that educational institutions play a pivotal role in fostering historical awareness and consolidating cultural identity through the study of history in a way that aligns with the demands of the present and looks toward the future. This can be explored through the embodiment of history in artistic works in general, and in visual art in particular. The researcher recognized the importance of conducting a study on the historical dimension in visual art and its role in Iraqi cultural identity. The research is structured from the first chapter, which addresses the research problem through the following question: Does the historical dimension in visual art play a role in Iraqi cultural identity? It also includes the importance, objective, scope, and definition of terms.The second chapter comprises two sections: the first addresses the historical dimensions of artistic works, while the fourth chapter includes the results, findings, recommendations, and suggestions, followed by the references and sources

Some Motivational Traits and Their Relationship to the Performance of Passing Skills in Basketball among Female Students

2026-10-03T15:19:37+00:00

This study aimed to identify selected motivational traits among female students and examine their relationship with the performance of passing skills in basketball. Motivation represents an important psychological factor in sports performance, as it influences students’ willingness to learn, participate in training, persist in performing tasks, and improve their skill level. The study focused on motivational traits associated with achievement, persistence, self-confidence, and the desire to perform successfully, while examining their relationship with the accuracy and effectiveness of basketball passing skills. The researchers adopted the descriptive approach using the correlational method because of its suitability for investigating the relationship between psychological variables and skill performance. The research sample consisted of female students who practiced basketball as part of their academic program. Appropriate measures were used to assess the selected motivational traits, while standardized skill tests were applied to evaluate passing performance. The collected data were analyzed using suitable statistical methods to determine the levels of motivational traits and the strength of their relationships with passing performance. The results indicated that the participants demonstrated varying levels of motivational traits and passing ability. The findings also showed significant relationships between several motivational traits and the performance of basketball passing skills, indicating that students with higher levels of motivation tended to demonstrate better skill performance. The study concluded that psychological and motivational factors should receive attention alongside physical and technical preparation in basketball instruction. It recommends integrating motivational strategies into teaching and training programs to support skill acquisition, increase student participation, and improve the performance of passing skills among female students.

تاريخية النص الديني

2026-08-15T17:20:29+00:00

تفكيك المصطلحات من جملة الأطر الاجتهادية التي توفر سعة للشريعة وقدرتها على تغطية الوقائع المستجدة والاستجابة لها هي تاريخية بعض النصوص والأحكام، ولكي تتجلى الفكرة أكثر لا بدَّ من التمييز بين نوعين من التاريخية: الأوّل: التاريخية المعرفية، يُقصد بها إنّ القارئ للنص يدرس مدلولاته في ضوء المعطيات التاريخية والبعد التاريخي، فتكون له صورة توضّح مدلول النص ومعطياته واهدافه، سواء أكانت تلك الصورة تجعل النص ممتداً عبر المراحل الزمنية أم يكون النص مقيداً بالصورة التاريخية. ولتوضيح التاريخية المعرفية نستعين بما نقله الحر العاملي (العاملي، 2002: 224 الفائدة 51) من أنّ فقيهاً شيعياً كتب بحثاً في تحريم القهوة، واستند في ذلك لروايات ناهية عنها، ولكن اتضح بعد ذلك الخطأ الجسيم الذي ارتكبه؛ فإنه في الزمن السابق تطلق كلمة (القهوة) على الخمر فأفتى بحرّمة شربها؛ لأن الصورة التاريخية لهذه الكلمة لم يعلم بانطباقها على الخمر، بل لعلّه في زماننا هذه القهوة لا وجود لها في ذلك الوقت. وهذه التاريخية المعرفية لا علاقة لها ببحث تاريخية النص (حب الله، 2011: 665). الثاني: التاريخية الواقعية، يُقصد بها أنّ النص التشريعي يُقرأ على أساس التاريخية، فيبقى النص محاطاً بعنصر الزمان والمكان وليس له امتداد مرحلي أكبر مما ورد فيه، مما يعني أن يطرأ على الحكم السابق تبديل، أو بعض التعديل فلا تشترك كلّ الاجيال في الحكم الصادر أوّلاً وإنما لكلّ جيل حكمه الخاص به (الطعان، 2007: 332). ولكي تتضح الصورة أكثر نقدم أنموذجاً مشهوراً وهو أنصبة الزكاة؛ إذ النصوص التشريعية (العاملي، 2008: 9/10) أوجبت الزكاة في الاصناف التسعة المعروفة، وهي الغلات الاربع والانعام الثلاثة والنقدين المسكوكين بسكة المعاملة، ومن الواضح أنّ الغرض من تشريع الزكاة حسب ما صرّحت به الروايات (العاملي، 2008: 9/10) هو لسد احتياجات الفقراء، فالنصوص لابد أن تقرأ قراءة تاريخية بمعنى أنَّ الشارع أوجب الزكاة في الاصناف المعروفة من أجل أنها تشكّل عاملاً اقتصادياً للمجتمع آنذاك فيمكن من خلالها سد الحاجة، ويلزم من ذلك أنّ هذه الاصناف إذا كانت لا تسد الحاجة في وقتنا الحاضر، بل بلغت من الضآلة بدرجة لا تشكّل عاملاً رئيسياً لسد الاحتياج كالزبيب، واعيان النقدين، أي: المسكوكات فإنها غير موجودة اليوم أو سقط التعامل بها واستبدلت بأوراق نقدية، لا سيّما إذا ضممنا مسألة الحول ومسألة السوم، كلّ ذلك يجعل أنّ مسالة تشريع الزكاة بلا طائل، فعلى هذا الاساس يتضح أنّ ملاك وروح تشريع تلك الاصناف هو لأنها تشكّل عاملاً مؤثراً في حياة المجتمع آنذاك، فإذا ارتفع هذا العامل الاقتصادي فلا تسقط الزكاة بلحاظها وإنما علينا توسّعة المصاديق إلى ما يسدّ رمق الفقراء.

ما فاعلية تطبيق مصمم بالذكاء الاصطناعي في زيادة الدافعية نحو تدريس مادة االتأريخ لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعداديةفي العراق

2026-09-30T03:51:26+00:00

increasing motivation towards teaching history among preparatory school students in Iraq. The researcher used a quasi-experimental design to conduct the research. To achieve the study's objectives, a motivation towards learning scale was developed, and its validity and reliability were confirmed by administering it to a sample of (50) students from Iqraa Model Secondary School - Special Education in Kirkuk Governorate. This sample consisted of a control group of (25) students who studied using the traditional method and an experimental group of (25) students who studied using an AI-designed application during the first semester of the 2025-2026 academic year.

The results showed statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the pre- and post-tests of the motivation towards learning scale, favoring the experimental group. Based on the findings, the researcher recommended developing AI-based instructional designs and training social studies teachers on using these designs in their teaching. Integrating artificial intelligence and multimedia technologies into history curricula, within the context of the various digital transformations, plays a vital and influential role in making the acquisition of experience and learning an active and continuous process

تقويم مناهج مراكز تأهيل أطفال ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة على وفق استراتيجيات التفكير الابداعي (محافظة النجف انموذجا)

2023-01-10T11:07:24+00:00

The importance of ISO-based teaching design makes it possible to adopt modern methods of lesson providing In this case it is important to present the design to the ISO system The importance of lesson-based design stems from the great value of education in life and in education in particular The scholars of design emphasize that the organization is the basis for events of change in behaviour of the learner and the upgrading of thinking skills and development and thus contribute to the building of the personality of the learner As they allow them to use their senses and abilities and exercise multiple skills، refining their abilities and develop their abilities and develop their skills and turn all these into ongoing experiences that may have an influential role in shaping their future. Moreover، a teacher with sufficient teaching skills gives the learner a high level of opportunity، So students who have teaching skills will be more able than others to inform and help learners to produce skilled، It was necessary to follow the scientific foundations that enable us to achieve this goal through pursue and follow the standards of the global quality system، which will establish a cadre of teaching with the experience and knowledge to qualify for the duties of study and the method of (valuation)، which identifies the problems and difficulties faced by teachers in their educational work And work to overcome them، As well as helping trainees understand their achievement of the goals they wanted to achieve through teaching quality standards.