Tasnim International Journal for Human, Social and Legal Sciences

العدول في اختيار المفردة القرآنية في تفسير مواهب الرحمن دراسة في السياق الدلالي

جاسم محمد عواد — 2026-04-25

This study explores the phenomenon of lexical deviation in Qur’anic word choice as interpreted by al-Sabzawārī in Tafsīr al-Mawāhib al-Raḥmān. It highlights the precision of Qur’anic expression in selecting specific words that best suit the semantic context and convey meanings beyond apparent synonyms. Using a semantic-analytical approach, the study examines cases where al-Sabzawārī compares near-synonymous words and shows how deviation reveals subtle nuances of meaning. It concludes that he regards such deviation as a deliberate rhetorical device reflecting divine wisdom and harmony between form and meaning, with context serving as the key to interpreting this linguistic precision and its theological or educational implications.

أساليب كسر التابو في شعر أكرم الأمير

عبّاس نجم عبيد وادي — 2026-04-25

study explores the stylistic strategies employed by the poet Akram Al-Ameer in his poetic discourse to break taboos—a distinctly modernist tendency that has become a defining feature of contemporary young poets. While traces of this inclination can also be found among earlier generations of Iraqi poets, it was far less explicit than it appears in present-day poetic texts. This difference can be attributed to the authoritarian forces that dominated public life under dictatorial regimes in earlier periods. In those times, when poets sought to express personal opinions or reveal intellectual positions—particularly concerning religion or politics—they often resorted to concealment and disguise, using layers of symbolism and masks that at times reached the level of obscurity and deliberate ambiguity. In contrast, Akram Al-Ameer and many poets of the post-2003 era (or the post-regime-change generation) have enjoyed a greater degree of freedom of expression, enabling them to articulate their views more openly and directly. Accordingly, the poet’s approaches to breaking taboos are not grounded in ambiguity or distortion, but rather in a lucid and transparent style that maintains the aesthetic integrity of poetic language. His work primarily employs three major stylistic techniques: the narrative mode, intertextuality, and irony. Keywords: Akram Al-Ameer; Breaking the Taboo; Narrative Technique; Intertextuality; Irony.

الهوية والانتماء في النقد الادبي المهجري : قراءة في تجليات الاغتراب والحنين

احمد عبد الكريم شمهود الحميدي — 2026-04-25

This study explores the themes of identity and belonging as reflected in the literary criticism of Mahjar (diaspora) literature, produced by Arab writers who experienced geographical, cultural, and social alienation away from their homelands. Identity and belonging formed central axes in Mahjari literature, as writers expressed the inner conflict between their roots and openness to new societies, and between nostalgia for the homeland and integration into a foreign environment. The research adopts a critical and analytical approach to key concepts related to identity and belonging—such as language, religion, self, and community—relying on modern critical theories that approach Mahjari texts from cultural and humanistic perspectives. The study is divided into two main chapters: the first examines manifestations of identity in Mahjar literary criticism, while the second discusses the notion of belonging as a psychological and cultural dimension of the diaspora experience. The study concludes that Mahjar literary criticism is not limited to aesthetic or stylistic concerns, but rather represents an intellectual endeavour to understand the Arab self in the context of exile. It is also a search for reconstructing identity through culture, language, and nostalgia, without rejecting or isolating the Other. Arab critics demonstrated deep awareness of the dual sense of belonging experienced by Mahjari writers, and its reflection in their writings.

تحليلُ البنى النحويةِ ودورُها في إنتاجِ المعنى النص مقاربةٌ وظيفيةٌ نصيةٌ

سُرى طاهر هويّن — 2026-04-25

This study investigates syntactic structures and their contribution to the construction of textual meaning within a functional–textual framework. It approaches grammar as a dynamic system for organizing meaning rather than a set of prescriptive morpho-syntactic rules. The research outlines the concepts of syntactic structure and textual meaning, and clarifies the distinction between traditional structural grammar and functional–textual grammar. It then examines key syntactic configurations—predicational, descriptive, cohesive, and transformational—and demonstrates how these structures shape textual meaning, ensure coherence, and guide interpretation within context. The study further highlights the functional orientation of grammar, showing how syntactic structure operates as an instrument for fulfilling semantic and communicative purposes that connect textual components and facilitate the flow of ideas. It concludes that syntactic structures serve as functional frameworks for meaning-making and textual cohesion, and that the functional–textual approach offers an effective analytical model for understanding the interplay between form and meaning in Arabic discourse. Such an approach, the study argues, provides researchers with a valuable methodological tool for analysing diverse texts and interpreting their communicative functions.

The Phonetic Term in "Lisan al-Arab": A Study in Concepts and Applications

مهند ناصر القُريشيّ — 2026-04-25

This study addresses the topic of the phonetic term in the Lisan al-Arab dictionary by Ibn Manzur, considering it as a cognitive field that reflects the intersection of language with phonetic and linguistic sciences in the Arab heritage. The research is based on the hypothesis that Ibn Manzur did not establish a fully integrated terminological system in phonetics, but rather acted as a conscious transmitter of the heritage of al-Khalil, Sibawayh, and other masters of Arabic, employing these terms within his lexical material and including a small number of entries that may represent qualitative additions. The study aims to enumerate the phonetic terms found in the dictionary, analyze their concepts and contexts, and observe how they are employed in explanations, examples, and references, in addition to comparing them with what was reported by earlier Arabic linguists. It relies on a descriptive-analytical approach, supplemented In approaching these terms by tracing them within the entries of the dictionary and analyzing their meanings and sources. The importance of the study lies in highlighting the phonetic dimension in a vast heritage dictionary, revealing Ibn Manzur’s awareness of the specificity of scientific terminology, and its relation to other linguistic sciences such as Qur’anic readings, tajwid, and grammar. The study also seeks to answer fundamental questions, such as: Did Ibn Manzur treat phonetic terms as precise scientific concepts or as general linguistic expressions? How accurate was he in transmitting and using them? Did he contribute new insights to the phonetic field? Accordingly, this research contributes to enriching terminological and linguistic studies by linking the heritage dictionary to Arab phonetic knowledge and clarifying its impact on preserving and transmitting terminology to subsequent generations.

الايقاع الداخلي في شعر ابن المقرب العيوني

أسعد جواد يوسف — 2026-04-25

Scholars of Arabic poetry have been interested in studying its rhythmic structures and examining the common relationship between poetry and music، in an attempt to uncover the poem's internal rhythms. They have paid great attention to the rhythm of the phrase، the relationship between sounds، their meanings، and their various images. Hence، this research traces the components of the text that contribute to the diversity of its rhythm. The research consists of an introduction and three sections. The first section examines repetition، the second examines alliteration، and the third examines assonance. This is followed by a conclusion and the sources of the research and study.

Prosodic Issues and Their Impact on Morphological Preference According to Ibn Jinni

زينب باسل كامل مراد الداغستاني — 2026-04-25

our current research, we aim to confirm the relationship between morphology and prosody Based upon the fact that prosody scholars are linguists within both the morphological and syntactical disciplines; with the first of these being Al-Khalil bin Ahmad Al-Farahidi (died 175 AH) and Al-Akhfash Al-Awsat (died 215 AH), followed by Abu Bakr bin Al-Sarraj (died 316 AH), Abu Ali Al-Farsi (died 377 AH), Ibn Jinni (died 392 AH), and many other. Whoever reads their works will find that they have benefited from many prosody topics in presenting their linguistic issues. It is a solid employment of their awareness ((that phonetic study is the foundation of any language, and without it it cannot advance; because its structures and compositions are based on phonetic formations, the exchange of locations, and the possibility of being able to produce semantic images that form the intellectual perspective and enrich its paths)) (Abdul Jalil, Safa Publishing and Distribution House, Amman, 2011 AD, p. 28))Our research, entitled "Prosodic Issues and Their Impact on n Morphological Preference According to Ibn Jinni," presents a new vision for reading the Arabic linguistic heritage at the same time, as it represents an applied study of the laws of prosody and its issues in guiding some morphological issues and topics presented by Ibn Jinni in his books. We decided to clarify it in two chapters preceded by an introductory chapter and supplemented with the research results and a source list for this research. We followed the inductive, descriptive, and analytical approach in presenting the linguistic and prosodic opinions therein.

المفاهيم اللغوية والدلالة التاريخية للمصطلح الإداري عند الفيروزآبادي

نضال محمد قمبر — 2026-04-25

This research presents an analytical study of the linguistic concepts and historical semantics of the administrative term as it appears in Al-Fīrūzābādī’s Al-Qāmūs al-Muḥīṭ, one of the most prominent classical lexicons that has preserved a rich linguistic and administrative heritage reflecting the structure of Arab-Islamic thought in the Middle Ages. The study aims to trace the uses of administrative-oriented vocabulary in the lexicon, analyze their linguistic meanings, and examine their historical and social contexts in order to reveal the extent of the development of Arab administrative thought and the diversity of the terminology associated with it. It also seeks to clarify Al-Fīrūzābādī’s method in presenting administrative terms and the relationship between the original linguistic meaning of a term and the functional meaning it acquired over time.

الالتفات في شعر عمار كشيش: مقارنة بلاغية تحليلية

علاء عبد الحسين كاظم السويطي — 2026-04-25

The research examines the rhetorical device of *iltifāt* (shifts in address) in the poetry of Ammar Kashish as a stylistic phenomenon carrying artistic and aesthetic significance. *Iltifāt* is considered one of the most prominent techniques that enrich literary texts, granting them diversity in discourse and depth in meaning. The study aims to uncover the manifestations of *iltifāt* and its rhetorical and artistic functions in Ammar Kashish’s poetry through a comparative analytical approach, drawing on both classical rhetorical heritage and modern poetic texts. The research includes an introductory chapter presenting a general overview, outlining the research problem, objectives, significance, methodology, scope, questions, and hypotheses, along with a review of previous studies and the theoretical framework underpinning the study. The first chapter addresses the concept of *iltifāt* in classical Arabic rhetoric in terms of its meaning, importance, types, and artistic manifestations. It also traces the development of this concept in modern studies, with examples drawn from the Prophetic Hadith and the Holy Qur’an, highlighting its role in enriching Arabic poetry and enhancing its expressive aesthetics. The second chapter focuses on the study of *iltifāt* in Ammar Kashish’s poetry. It introduces the poet and his literary career, then analyzes the manifestations of *iltifāt* in his poetic texts, identifying its types, rhetorical functions, and the artistic characteristics that distinguish this technique in his work. The third chapter is devoted to an applied rhetorical analysis of the patterns of *iltifāt* in the poet’s work. It traces shifts in discourse from third person to second person, from third person to first person, from second person to first person, from first person to second person, and from first or second person to third person, with the aim of revealing the aesthetic role these shifts play in the structure and meaning of the text. The conclusion presents the most important findings reached by the researcher, along with suggestions and recommendations that contribute to enriching modern rhetorical studies and expanding research horizons in the artistic techniques of contemporary Arabic poetry.

الهيمنة والتمثيل في النقد الثقافي: دراسة في تمثيلات المركز والهامش

زياد حسن كريم ناصر — 2026-04-25

This study examines the role of cultural hegemony and representation in cultural criticism by analysing the relationship between the centre and the periphery. It focuses on how cultural representations are used to reinforce the power of the centre, which possesses political, economic, and military strength, thereby imposing standards and ideologies that dominate other cultural identities. Drawing on Edward Said's theory of Orientalism, the study explores how the West shapes a distorted image of the East as "the Other," contributing to its cultural dominance. The study also addresses the challenges faced by the periphery in constructing an independent cultural representation, especially when the available intellectual tools are limited to hegemonic discourses. According to Gayatri Spivak's contributions, the periphery remains subject to the representations of stronger powers, making its self-representation complex and difficult. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of counter-representation as a resistance tool against cultural hegemony, highlighting the need to amplify marginalized voices and rethink the linguistic and cultural tools used to represent peripheral identities.

Feminist Critique in the Poetry of Nazik Al-Malaika: Analyzing Al- Malaika’s Engagement with Feminist Issues in Her Work

وائل فاضل عزيز البوحيد — 2026-04-25

This study embarks on a foundational inquiry into the conceptualization of Arab feminist criticism, examining its theoretical roots and the terminological challenges arising from its transposition from Western contexts into Arab culture. The first section explores prevailing definitions of feminist criticism and analyzes ongoing debates surrounding its translation, particularly the ambiguity in selecting the most appropriate lexical equivalents. It highlights the interplay between academic frameworks and the ideological/social dimensions that have shaped the reception of feminist criticism within Arab intellectual spheres. The study then turns to the poetry of Nazik Al-Malaika as a pioneering model embodying the poet’s engagement with feminism. The second section demonstrates how Al-Malaika crafted her poetic discourse in a language that subverts dominant patriarchal structures, addressing themes of feminine identity and celebrating women’s emotional resilience and capacity for cultural insurrection. Through close readings of selected poems, the research reveals her mobilization of literary devices to incite women writers and readers to reclaim their linguistic and cultural agency. It further examines how her use of symbols and vocal presence constitutes a revolt against the historical silencing of women’s voices.

الدلالة التركيبية في كفاية الأصول للشيخ الآخوند الخراسانيّ

فاطمة مشعل سالم — 2026-04-25

This research aims to address the syntactic semantics of one of the nineteenth-century scholars of Islamic jurisprudence, Sheikh Muhammad Kazim ibn al-Mawla Husayn al-Harawi al-Khorasani, known as al-Akhund al-Khorasani, in his book (Kifayat al-Usul). It also aims to define its nature and attempt to leverage his views and apply them to modern linguistic studies by comparing them. This attempt will leverage Sheikh al-Khorasani's views in modern linguistic studies, given that semantics represents a common denominator between Islamic jurisprudence and linguistic studies. Therefore, the research will present the concept of syntactic semantics, then present a brief account of Sheikh al-Khorasani's life, and then examine examples of structures in his book (Kifayat al-Usul) for semantic study.

الأساليب الانشائية عند الشعراء المغمورين في العصر العباسي(القرن الخامس الهجري انوذجاً)

عدنان كاظم مهدي شعبان — 2026-04-25

The Abbasid era is considered one of the most flourishing periods in Arabic literature, owing to the significant development that took place in the arts of prose and poetry as a result of cultural and civilizational progress. The impact of this advancement became evident in the poets’ language and stylistic methods. This period witnessed the emergence of diverse rhetorical and syntactic devices, which formed an important aspect of the artistic structure of poetic texts. This study examines the most prominent of these devices, including the interrogative, imperative, exclamatory, negative, vocative, and prohibitive forms, as tools for expressing emotion, sentiment, and the intellectual and aesthetic stance within poetic texts. The research focuses specifically on lesser-known poets of the fifth century AH, as this century included a large number of poets who did not receive the spotlight of fame, and whose poetic output remained buried in the major works of literature and biographical sources.

نماذج من انفرادات كراع النمل في ضبط الألفاظ ودلالتها في معجم لسان العرب

ظافر خيرالله جميل — 2026-04-25

يهدف هذا البحث إلى عرض نماذج من جهود عالم من علماء اللغة ألا وهو العالم اللغوي أبو الحسن علي بن الحسن المعروف بكراع النمل الهُنائي، وسنركز في هذا البحث على نماذج من انفراداته اللغوية، إذ إني وأثناء القراءة والبحث عن جهوده وجدت بعض الدراسات التي كتبت عنه في الجوانب الصرفية فيما يخص الجموع والأوزان، والجوانب الصوتية فيما يخص المخارج والصفات والمباحث الصوتية الأخرى، والجوانب اللغوية فيما يخص المشترك اللفظي والأضداد والترادف وغيرها من المباحث، لكنني في هذا البحث سأتناول جانبين من انفراداته لم يتطرق لذكرها الدارسون، أو لم يتم عرضها بالطريقة التي سأعرضها من حيث انفراده بها وسَبْقه لمن جاء بعده في ضبط اللفظة أو إعطاء معنًى جديد لها، واقتضت طبيعة البحث أن يحتوي على مقدمة وتمهيد ومبحثين وخاتمة وقائمة بالمصادر والمراجع، أما المبحث الأول منها فكان للألفاظ التي انفرد في ضبط حركاتها أو حروفها، والمبحث الآخر: للألفاظ التي انفرد في ذكر أحد معانيها، لذلك سيكون هذا البحث متناولاً انفراده بضبط بعض الألفاظ، وانفراده بمعنى جديد لبعض الألفاظ.

Whispers of the Soul by the Poet Jamil Sidqi al-Zahawi (A Stylistic Study)

إسراء عبيد محمد — 2026-04-25

This research presents a stylistic study of the poetry of Jamil Sidqi al-Zahawi, one of the most prominent poetic voices, aiming to uncover the linguistic and artistic features that distinguish his poetic experience. The study focuses on a specific verses of his poetry collection titled “Hawajis al-Nafs” (Whispers of the Soul). In this study ,style is viewed as the medium through which the poet’s vision of the world is manifested, and analyzing its elements helps in understanding the psychological and intellectual structure of the text. The study comprises three sections: The first section addresses the musical level, the second deals with the semantic level, and the third focuses on the syntactic level.

Engineering Peace through Genetic Modification, a Study on the Role of Literature in Employing Technology - Novella New Adam as a Model

خالدة حاتم علوان — 2026-04-25

The content of this research (Engineering Peace through Genetic Modification, a Study on the Role of Literature in Employing Technology - Novella New Adam as a Model) is devoted to examining the role of literature and its function in revealing the relationship between building peace socially and rapid technological development, specifically in the field of Indian genetic technology, and the attempt to build a world free of violence, based on coexistence and rejection of conflicts. The importance of the study lies in its revelation of the possibility of literary studies, specifically stories and novels, in presenting proposals for building peace through genetic modification, provided that this does not conflict with human values and the ethics of genetic employment. Therefore, the research will pose its problem in the following question: How can literature present narratives of peace through the employment of genetic engineering instead of the state of conflict that has become the problem of the era? The study will aim to analyze the novella (New Adam) as a case to understand the implications and potential success of genetic modification in building peace. Therefore, the study structure will be built according to three axes - subject to change according to the developments of the analysis - the first axis deals with the relationship between literature and technology (literature as a cultural mediator in change), while the second axis deals with (the point of view of narrative elements in genetic modification), and the third axis will deal with (the variation in the role of genetic modification in engineering peace according to the duality of colonialism/liberation), followed by the conclusion and recommendations

المحاكاة في النص الروائي: قراءة في السرد المعرفي

رنا فرمان محمد — 2026-04-25

The study examines the concept of mimesis as one of the oldest aesthetic notions associated with literature. The concept evolved from the imitation of nature to a creative process aimed at imitating essence and ideal. These philosophical and critical developments emerged in the novelistic text. The study, therefore, focuses on three main modes of mimesis in the novel. The first mode is realistic mimesis, which seeks to represent reality by constructing a narrative world that creates an illusion of real life and reveals its details. The second mode, symbolic mimesis, transcends this by venturing into the realm of signification, employing the symbol as an aesthetic tool for producing meaning. The third mode, experimental mimesis, involves deviation from the familiar and the creation of new expressive forms that reflect the transformations of reality. The study relies on the descriptive-analytical method to trace these modes and apply them to the novel "Memoirs of an Iraqi Dog," to demonstrate how the modes of mimesis intertwine in shaping the narrative world. This confirms that mimesis is not merely a narrative technique, but a construct that reflects the author's vision of the world.

الظواهر الصوتية في كتاب "اتحاف السادة المتقين بشرح إحياء علوم الدين" للزبيدي (ت 1205 ه)

عبدالقادر محمد مطر — 2026-04-25

The research addresses the study of the two phenomena of stress and intonation as two of the most prominent phonetic phenomena; for they play an essential role in highlighting meaning and clarifying semantic intentions. The study concluded that, although stress and intonation differ in the nature of their phonetic realization, they complement each other in performing an important role in the structural and semantic construction of linguistic discourse. This reflects the interactive nature between sound and structure in the Arabic language; for stress is concerned with distinguishing syllables or words within discourse, whereas intonation is concerned with organizing the tone of the sentence and clarifying its purpose.

معايير وحدة القصيدة العربية القديمة بين النقد القديم والحديث

زينة جاسم ذياب — 2026-04-25

The term "unity of the poem" is synonymous with "thematic unity," "organic unity," or "unity of purpose," as they share similarities and overlaps. Critics use any of these terms to denote the poem's completeness and the organic connection between its parts. However, early Arab critics did not use this term; rather, their discourses allude to it. It is noteworthy that each critic had their own criteria. Critics addressed the issue of unity in the poem from several angles, including aesthetic, psychological, cohesive, semantic, and formal aspects. Following this, we must examine the ethical values of the Arabic poem, then the rhythmic structures of the classical poem, focusing on internal rhythm. The research concludes with a summary of its findings and a list of its sources.

الشعر الشعبي العراقي وتجربة عريان السيد خلف بين الإيقاع الكلاسيكي والتأثير الاجتماعي والسياسي

نجم عبد فندي — 2026-04-25

This research focuses on the poetic journey of Iraqi folk poet Aryan Al-Sayyid Khalaf, distinguished by his creative blend of classical rhythm and folk versification. His poetry reflects Iraq's shifting social and political realities through language accessible to the public, using vocabulary rooted in his popular environment. The study demonstrates how Aryan employed traditional meter and rhyme to express political and social issues subtly, avoiding direct declarations to bypass censorship and widen his influence. It also highlights his poetry’s role in raising social awareness and resisting oppression, especially during times of siege and political repression. The study underscores Aryan’s importance as a bridge between modernity and tradition in Iraqi folk poetry, making his work a unique contribution to Iraq's literary landscape.

The Foundations of Modern Linguistic Studies in Semantics: From Structuralism to Cognitivism

عبد الحسن جدوع عبد — 2026-04-25

That meaning is one of the fundamental pillars that has been and still is the main concern, in all languages with their different orientations of philosophers, logicians, jurists, interpreters, critics, writers and linguists, however, each of them has his own approach and style, so that their study came according to what is in their references, and among all of this, language was the tool that was used to express what they aimed to access, so between the historical progression that linguistic study witnessed of neglect of meaning; This made it a reason to consider its importance on the scientific and linguistic axes. Therefore, we sought to identify the organizing principles of the mental processes that establish meaning, and we resolved to search further through a basic link that recognizes that language is not merely a formal structure; rather, it is closely linked to human cognitive starting points, relying on the mental function. Consequently, it can only be a reflection of a cognitive aspect possessed by human beings in all their cultural and social orientations, thus resting on human experience.

Dialectal Interference in the Grammatical Structure of Modern Standard Arabic in Modern Media Discourse

زين العابدين محمد حسين السلطاني — 2026-04-25

Classical Arabic is the primary standard for formal and media communication in Arab societies. However, recent decades have witnessed an increase in dialectal overlap in media discourse. This is a result of the development of communication media, the expansion of mass communication, and the efforts of media professionals to bring the formal language closer to listeners of diverse cultural levels. This study aims to clarify the theoretical basis for the phenomenon of dialectal overlap in the grammatical structure of Classical Arabic, and to demonstrate that dialect is not merely a deviation from the standard, but rather a parallel linguistic level that interacts with Classical Arabic in modern communicative situations, particularly in media that combines formal and popular styles. It also includes changing the position of sentence elements, deleting diacritical marks, using dialectal structures within the classical context, and changing the tools of conjunction and emphasis. It also presents linguistic and social interpretations of this phenomenon from the perspective of sociolinguistics and modern linguistics, demonstrating how media discourse contributes to reshaping Arabic linguistic awareness. It demonstrates that dialectal interference in the media is not merely a linguistic error, but rather an expression of a cultural linguistic transformation that reflects the transition of the Arabic language from a rigid, formalized style to a flexible, communicative style, which seeks rapid communication and direct influence on the recipient. However, this transformation carries the risk of eroding the classical grammatical structure if it is not controlled with a linguistic awareness among media professionals and media institutions. Addressing this phenomenon requires developing a balanced vision that protects the grammatical rules of classical Arabic and recognizes the communicative dimension of dialects, ensuring Arabic's vitality and connection to society without compromising its grammatical authenticity.

الفاظ الجهاد في القرآن الكريم وأثرها على الفكر الحسيني في واقعة الطف

نور احمد سلطان — 2026-04-25

يُعدُ الجهاد من أسمى العبادات والواجبات وأجلها أذ يسعى المسلم لنشر الأسلام وأعلاء كلمتهِ ومحاربة الظلم والفساد باليدِ او اللسانِ او القلبِ ‘ ومنها قوله تعالى (الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَهَاجَرُوا وَجَاهَدُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّـهِ بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنفُسِهِمْ أَعْظَمُ دَرَجَةً عِندَ اللَّـهِ وَأُولَـٰئِكَ هُمُ الْفَائِزُونَ) و كما قال أمير المؤمنين علي (عليه السلام) هو بابٌ من ابواب الجنة ولباس التقوى ودرع الله الحصينة وقد وردتْ في القرآن الكريم الفاظ متعددة للجهاد ذات معاني متعددة والفاظ مختلفة حسب السياقات القرآنية التي يأمر بها للجهاد في سبيل الله وإعلاء كلمته والتضحيه في سبيله وهذا ما نراه جلياً في تضحية الإمام الحسين (عليه السلام) مثابراً بفكرهِ الثاقب وعقيدته السامية مضحياً بماله ونفسه في محاربة الفساد والطغيان والإنحطاط الخلقي لإعدائه من بني أُمية، وقد ركزتُ في هذا البحث على أهم المضامين الفكرية للإمام الحسين (عليه السلام) وقسمتهُ إلى أربعة محاور في ضوء الإعجاز الصرفي، فالمحور الأول: فكان حول صيغة الفعل الماضي الرباعي على زنة فاعِل و (يفاعِل)، والمحور الثاني صيغة الفعل الماضي الثلاثي على زنة (فَعَلَ) ومشتقاته، أما المحور الثالث بعنوان صيغة اسم الفاعِل من الفعل الماضي الرباعي على زنة (فاعٍل)، وتضمن المحور الرابع صيغة فعل الامر الرباعي على زنة (فاعل) كصيغة الفعل (جاهد) و خصص المحور الخامس والاخير دراسة حول صيغة الأستعداد للقتال بزنة فعل الأمر (افعلوا) وكان البحث يدور حول الفاظ الجهاد وإبراز الصورة الحية التي يتمتع بها المجاهدون في سبيل الله في ضوء دراسة الظاهرة في القرآن الكريم.

تحليل الفكاهة في الشعر الأندلسي يحيى بن الحكم الغزال أنموذجاً

عمار حاتم صاحب العبيدي — 2026-04-25

Humor is a specific technique used by poets to clarify opinions and reveal goals in a sarcastic manner that reveals philosophical perspectives and the disparities between people. Humor and sarcasm are essential elements in Yahya al – Ghazali's poetic output. It is a style the poet uses to express his philosophical views on life, such as the idea of a woman loving an old man, which he considers impossible and illogical. It also uses comparisons and contrasts between opposites, such as patience and evil. It also warns against poverty, such as the poetic comparison between poverty and death. This powerful language expresses the grip of poverty on people and their fear of it, demonstrating wisdom in poetic expression. It also reflects al – Ghazali influence by other poets, such as Abu Nuwas, which may explain some of the distinctive aspects of his poetic style and his understanding of humor and sarcasm.

Orientalists Opinion on Arabic Grammar before Sibawayh

زهرة علاوي حمود الناجي — 2026-04-25

This research seeks to clarify the authenticity of Arabic grammar and highlight the true roots of its emergence, in the face of the opinions put forward by some orientalists who tried to question the independence of this science. These proposals relied on hypotheses linking Arabic grammar to foreign influences, especially Greek, based on inaccurate accounts or interpretations far removed from the historical and cultural context of the Arabs. The research also discusses the stories and legends attributed to the origin of grammar, which led to confusion about the true picture of the development of this science. Scientific accounts became mixed with imagined narratives, which weakens researchers' understanding of the nature of the early efforts that contributed to establishing grammatical rules By analyzing reliable accounts and examining the early stages of codifying Arabic grammar, this research demonstrates that the early formation of this science was based on purely Arab efforts. The claims made by some Orientalists regarding external influences are not supported by credible evidence, but rather rely on superficial comparisons that lack scholarly credibility. Thus, the research affirms that Arabic grammar is an authentic science in its origins and historical trajectory, and that the attribution of foreign influences to it is merely an exaggeration of interpretation, lacking a solid scientific basis.

The Performance of Iraqi EFL University Students in Using English Compound and Complex Sentences: An Error Analysis

Assal Hani Hamza — 2026-04-25

This study looks at the errors Iraqi university students who are learning English as a second language make when using complicated and compound sentences and punctuation, which is one of the basic linguistic structures. The aim of the study is to find out how well Iraqi EFL university students can identify and employ complicated and compound phrases along with their punctuation marks, as well as how well they can master these sentences to produce grammatically correct sentences and appropriately use punctuation points. It is believed that the majority of Iraqi EFL university students struggle to comprehend and differentiate between complex and compound sentences using punctuation. Sentence construction mistakes include run-on phrases, sentence fragments, comma splices, and missing words. Any break in a sentence's grammatical structure is considered a sentence structure error. Because sentence structure errors are global in nature, they can affect students' understanding of a phrase, a clause, or an entire section of any written text. Numerous problems can lead to the faults mentioned above. Missing clause components and improperly constructed compound and complex phrases are two of the most prevalent of these. In order to help the students identify and fix the aforementioned sentence construction mistakes, the study aims to first introduce them to some fundamental ideas of English clause and sentence structure.

المُقَدِّمَة العَشْرِيَّة لجمالِ الدِّين عبد الله بن مُحَمَّد القَرَافِي (ت826هـ) دراسة وتحقيق

أنور راكان شلال العصيبي — 2026-04-25

This treatise is a small volume, but it is very useful because it contains most of the general rules in Arabic grammar that no student can do without, and these grammatical rules were made by the author of this treatise, Imam Jamal al-Din al-Qurafi, in this nice treatise and called it the decimal introduction; because he divided it into ten sections (sound, utterance, speech, singular, word, name, past tense, command, present tense, and letter). He made the speech ten pictures, the noun ten signs, the Arabic ten signs, the Arabic female ten signs, the prohibited from exchange ten reasons, the plural masculine and feminine intact, and so on, all the grammatical chapters collected their reasons, causes, and divisions according to the number ten, and from this reason came the name.

تحليل الخطاب الشعري في قصيدة (يا دجلة الخير) للشاعر محمد مهدي الجواهري

ليث صبيح عطيه عبد الميالي — 2026-04-25

If an investigation into al-Jawahiri's poetic discourse is found, based on an analytical reading that takes into account the interpretive perspective and the text's anticipated horizon of reception, the importance of this research stems from the significance of al-Jawahiri's discourse in this need for a level of social and linguistic content and considerations. Therefore, al-Jawahiri's signature is its intertextual agreement with the revolutionary and awareness-raising dimensions aimed at the ambitious Ferrari, and thus it can be considered a social description of some ideological visions, their importance, and their distancing from them. Al-Jawahiri's poem "O Tigris of Goodness" was an invitation to intertextual contexts that the poet was keen to employ and incorporate into his discourse; to be continuous and complete; a tower of the recipient's morale. This is a rhetorical phenomenon that the poet sought, as it produced a pragmatic dimension in his language, rhetoric, and content, on a social description sometimes imbued with an ideological vision, and instead prefers to acquire these rhetorical patterns. The rhetorical debate has emerged due to the semantic and pragmatic nature of the discourse, its content, and its social implications.